王君,李林林,武吉伟,李丽,李秋霞.4类降解塑料制品光降解性能及16种元素安全风险[J].包装工程,2022,43(3):61-68.
WANG Jun,LI Lin-lin,WU Ji-wei,LI Li,LI Qiu-xia.Photodegradation Performance of Four Degradable Plastics and Safety Risks of 16 Elements[J].Packaging Engineering,2022,43(3):61-68. |
| 4类降解塑料制品光降解性能及16种元素安全风险 |
| Photodegradation Performance of Four Degradable Plastics and Safety Risks of 16 Elements |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-07 |
| DOI：10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2022.03.008 |
| 中文关键词: 高温凝胶色谱 电感耦合等离子体质谱 降解塑料 降解性能 元素安全风险 |
| 英文关键词: high temperature gel chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer degradable plastic degradation performance safety risk of element |
| 基金项目:山东交通学院博士科研启动基金(BS201901032) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究对比4类代表性领域(快递袋、农膜、购物袋、餐盒)共12批次聚烯烃基降解塑料制品的光降解性能以及16种元素安全风险，丰富该领域研究并为之提供借鉴和参考。方法 首先采用高温凝胶色谱(GPC)研究4类降解塑料的光降解性能，然后通过对比我国现行标准限量，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析制品中16种元素的安全风险。结果 在实验室光照降解10 d条件下，4类降解塑料制品均严重破碎，数均相对分子量和重均相对分子量分别降低了86.7%~96.7%、83%~95%，降解后重均相对分子量<10 000的分子数量占总数为60%~77%，多分散系数(8.24～20.12)高于降解前数值(7.52～8.38)，均一性变差;16种元素在4类降解塑料制品中有程度不同的检出，大多数元素在非食品接触降解塑料中的检出量高于食品接触类，其中标准有明确规定的11种元素检出量均低于相应领域的标准限量，硒元素在其他3类制品中的检出量超出《快递包装绿色产品评价技术要求》的6%~280%。结论 所考察的4类降解塑料制品的光降解性能均满足GB/T 20197—2006的相应要求。大部分制品中的11种元素都能符合相应领域的标准规定，而降解餐盒、降解购物袋、降解农膜3个类别、共9批次制品中的硒存在一定的安全风险，应进一步关注降解塑料在使用中以及废弃后的元素安全风险和环境影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study and compare the photodegradation performance of four kinds of degradable plastic product (express bags, agricultural films, shopping bags, meal boxes) used in different representative fields and the safety risks of 16 elements to provide the data reference for enriching field research. Firstly, the photodegradation of four kinds of degradable plastic product were verified by high temperature gel chromatography (GPC). Then, by comparing with the current standard limits, the safety risks of 16 elements in the product were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that four kinds of product were all seriously broken under the condition of 10 days of laboratory light degradation. The number average and weight average molecular weight was decreased by 86.7%~96.7% and 83%~95%, respectively. After degradation, the molecular content of molecular weight < 10 000 was 60%~77% and the polydispersity coefficient (8.24~20.12) became higher than that before degradation (7.52~8.38), showing the worse homogeneity. All the 16 elements were detected to different degrees. For most elements, the contents in non-food contacting degradable plastics were generally higher than that in food contacting plastics. For the 11 elements regulated in standards, the detection amounts were all lower than the standard requirements of the corresponding field. The detection amount of Se in the other three types of product exceeds the “Technical Requirements for Green Product Evaluation of Express Packaging” by 6%~280%. In summary, the photodegradation performance of four types of degradable plastic product was all in line with the corresponding requirements of GB/T 20197—2006. The 11 elements in most products can meet the national standards in the corresponding field, while Se in 9 batches of products (three types:agricultural films, shopping bags, meal boxes) has certain safety risks. Further attention should be paid to the element safety risks and environmental impacts of degradable plastics during use and after disposal. |
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