盛永清,王浩军,陈素明.钢铁镀镉零件黑斑原因探析及改进[J].包装工程,2024,45(15):307-312.
SHENG Yongqing,WANG Haojun,CHEN Suming.Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures of Black Spots in Cadmium-plated Steel Parts[J].Packaging Engineering,2024,45(15):307-312. |
| 钢铁镀镉零件黑斑原因探析及改进 |
| Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures of Black Spots in Cadmium-plated Steel Parts |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-06 |
| DOI：10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2024.15.035 |
| 中文关键词: 镀镉 钝化 黑斑 |
| 英文关键词: cadmium plating passivation black spot |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 针对夏季多雨季节，飞机支座和螺栓等钢铁镀镉零件在周转/装配期间表面易出现黑斑现象，通过镀镉层表面成分分析定位产生原因并制定改进措施。方法 通过镀镉层黑斑和正常区宏观形貌观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析表面成分;通过控制电镀镉前处理及铬酸盐钝化、临时防护等耐湿热腐蚀对比试验，验证改进措施有效性。结果 通过表面能谱成分分析，黑斑区域无Cr确定了镀镉铬酸盐钝化膜不连续、Al元素含量异常确定了前处理吹砂介质残留致使镉层不连续;通过电镀镉钝化和未钝化状态的耐湿热腐蚀、涂敷F-35防锈油试验验证，确定彻底清理前处理吹砂介质残留、电镀镉铬酸盐钝化膜老化等改进措施可保证镀镉层及钝化膜完整，F-35防锈油临时防护可有效提高镀镉层耐蚀性。结论 镀前预处理、镀镉及后处理过程控制对镀镉层质量起决定性作用，零件制造周转有效防护对镀层完整性持续保持至关重要，防锈油等临时防护可有效提高镀层的防护性能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to the problem that the cadmium plated steel parts such as aircraft supports and bolts are prone to black spots on the surface during turnover/assembly in rainy summer, the work aims to identify the cause of black spots and formulate improvement measures by analyzing the surface composition of the cadmium-plated layer. The macroscopic morphology of the black spots and normal areas on the cadmium-plated layer was observed and the surface composition was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy and the energy spectrum. The effectiveness of the improvement measures was verified through comparative tests on resistance to wet and heat corrosion, including pre-treatment of cadmium electroplating, chromate passivation, and temporary protection. Through surface energy spectrum composition analysis, the absence of Cr in the black spot area confirmed the discontinuity of the cadmium-plated chromate passivation film, and the abnormal content of Al element confirmed that the residual sand blowing medium in the pre-treatment caused the discontinuity of the cadmium layer. Through the verification of wet and hot corrosion resistance in both cadmium plating and non-passivated states, as well as the application of F-35 anti-rust oil test, it was determined that improvement measures such as thorough cleaning of pre-treatment sand blowing medium residues and aging of cadmium-plated chromate passivation film could ensure the integrity of the cadmium-plated layer and passivation film. Temporary protection with F-35 anti-rust oil could effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the cadmium-plated layer. The process control on pre-treatment before plating, cadmium plating, and post-treatment plays a decisive role in the quality of cadmium-plated layer, effectively protecting the parts during manufacturing and turnover and is crucial to maintain the integrity of the coating continuously. The temporary protection such as anti-rust oil can effectively improve the protective performance of the layer. |
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