目的 对自感型功能结构的研究进展进行归纳和分析，并对其发展前景进行展望。方法 定义自感型功能结构的概念，分析自感型功能结构的设计流程，揭示自感型功能结构的内涵，并从敏感材料、制造方法、响应激励3个视角对自感型功能结构设计的研究进展进行分类，证明其可以通过元胞性能设计、基元构型制造和序构综合调控的设计方法进行制备并应用于实际场景中，实现结构—功能的一体化。 结果 归纳了自感型功能结构的设计与制造研究进展，总结了自感型功能结构的重点技术和在不同领域的突出性成果，结合自感型功能结构的概念内涵，对其在机械、材料、生物等领域的应用进行了展望。结论 自感型功能结构可以对本体和环境的变化进行感知，按照设计好的特定方式发生功能或性能的变化，具有结构构型高效、感知对象多样、感知元件集成等特点，在相关领域中具有广阔的应用前景。

This paper aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of self-sensing functional structure and put forward the prospect of its development. In this paper, the concept of self-sensing functional structure was defined, its design process was analyzed, its connotation was revealed, and the research progress of self-sensing functional structure design was classified from the perspectives of sensitive materials, manufacturing methods and excitation. It is proved that it can be prepared by cell performance design, primitive configuration manufacturing and sequence synthesis control and applied to practical scenarios to realize structure-function integration. As a result, the research progress in the design and manufacture of self-sensing functional structures was summarized, and the key technologies and outstanding achievements in different fields of self-sensing functional structures were summarized. Together with the concept and connotation of self-sensing functional structures, its application in machinery, materials, biology and other fields was prospected. Self-sensing functional structure can sense the changes of ontology and environment, and change function or performance in a specified way as designed. It has the characteristics of efficient structure configuration, diverse sensing objects and integrated sensing elements, and has a broad application prospect in related fields.