目的 为了探究一种更高效的苗绣纹样检索方式，通过对手绘草图检索及文本检索过程中的认知负荷来进行对比研究。方法 首先通过构建认知负荷信息检索过程模型，对5个认知阶段的平均认知负荷及所需时间进行实验对比;其次通过眼动指标(持续注视时间、眼球扫视振幅、眼球直径)及NASA-TLX评估对两种检索过程的认知负荷进行分析;最后基于眼动追踪得到可视化眼动数据(热点图、注视轨迹)验证是否符合检索任务需求。结论 基于手绘草图的图形检索方式更适合于苗绣纹样检索，通过主、客观融合对比实验验证了草图检索的高效性，同时也验证了眼动追踪和NASA_TLX具有相关性，能更有效地进行认知负荷测量。

The work aims to explore a more efficient way of retrieving Miao embroidery patterns by conducting a comparative study on the cognitive load during hand-drawn sketch retrieval and text-based retrieval processes. A cognitive load information retrieval model was constructed to experimentally compare the average cognitive load and required time across five cognitive stages. Eye-tracking metrics (such as dwell time, saccade amplitude, and pupil diameter) and NASA-TLX evaluations were employed to analyze the cognitive load of the two retrieval processes. Finally, visual eye-tracking data (heatmap and gaze path) were obtained to validate whether they met the requirements of the retrieval task. The graph retrieval method based on hand-drawn sketches is found to be more suitable for Miao embroidery pattern retrieval. The efficiency of sketch retrieval is validated through subjective and objective integrated comparative experiments. Additionally, the correlation between eye-tracking and NASA-TLX is confirmed, making them more effective for measuring cognitive load.