目的 高校图书馆数据库是获取信息资源的重要渠道，已有研究关注了界面系统的美学体验，忽视了视觉信息表征的逻辑性与可理解性，导致用户信息检索效率低的问题。方法 采用控制实验方法，探究程序性知识视觉表征和用户类型对高校图书馆数据库用户信息检索体验和认知负荷的影响。结果 程序性知识视觉表征对信息检索体验和认知负荷均有显著影响，并且用户类型与程序性知识视觉表征对可用性和认知负荷具有交互作用。新手用户在使用下拉的视觉表征时信息检索体验最高，老手用户更适合使用组合的视觉表征方式。结论 通过提升用户在数据库中的信息检索体验，可以为检索界面设计提供依据。

The university library databases are an important channel for accessing information resources, and the existing studies focus on the aesthetic experience of the interface system, but neglect the logic and comprehensibility of visual information representations, leading to the problem of inefficient user information retrieval. The controlled experiment was used to investigate the impact of procedural knowledge-based visual representations and user types on the performance, cognitive load and satisfaction of information retrieval tasks in university library databases. Procedural knowledge-based visual representations had significant impact on cognitive load, task performance and subjective ratings, and user type and procedural knowledge-based visual representations had an interactive effect on cognitive load and task performance. Novice users were most efficient at retrieval when using drop-down visual representations, and veteran users were better suitable for using combined visual representations. The the design basis can be provided for the retrieval interface by improving the efficiency of users' information retrieval in the database.