目的 探究轨道列车与城市文化的关系，提升空铁外观设计中的文化内涵和文化认同，为空铁外观设计与评估提供实践指导和理论支撑。方法 以一款A型空铁外观设计为例，提出了一种融合特征语义和模糊层次分析的列车外观设计方法;首先基于模糊层次分析从民族性、地域性和时代性三个准则层出发分析特征语义指标权重，构建多层次评价模型;其次邀请专业设计人员对评价指标、评价层次进行评估，获得准则层与子准则层间的权重矩阵;最后运用模糊综合评价法来评估空铁外观设计方案。结果 基于特征语义指标权重分析结果，该方法将特征文化元素——蓝喉太阳鸟，有效地融入空铁外观设计，并经用户评估验证了方法的可行性。结论 该方法有助于辨识城市文化特征在空铁外观设计中的重要性，同时，探讨了方案存在的局限性，并提供了进一步优化设计意见，为提升空铁外观设计文化内涵提供参考。

The work aims to analyze the relationship between rail trains and urban culture, promote the cultural connotation of the exterior of air rail trains, and provide reference for the exterior design and evaluation of air rail trains. Taking the exterior design of an A-type air rail train as an example, an approach of exterior design for an air rail train that integrate feature semantics and fuzzy hierarchy analysis was proposed. Based on fuzzy hierarchy analysis, a multi-level evaluation model and judgment matrix was built from the three criteria layers of nationality, regionality and epochal character. Professional designers were invited to evaluate the weight of evaluation indicators. Finally, the exterior design scheme of an air rail train was evaluated. Based on the semantic index weight analysis results, the Blue Throated Sunbird was effectively integrated as a characteristic cultural element into the design. The feasibility of the method was verified by user evaluation. This method helps to identify the importance ranking of various indicators in the exterior design of an air rail train. The limitations of the scheme are discussed, and suggestions for further optimization of design are provided, providing reference for improving the cultural connotation of air rail train appearance design.