产品概念设计方案生成及评价方法文献回顾与研究展望

陈思彤; 黄佳; 宋明顺; 潘耀辉

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.24.010

PDF(699 KB)

包装工程（设计栏目） ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (24) : 115-128. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.24.010

工业设计

产品概念设计方案生成及评价方法文献回顾与研究展望

陈思彤, 黄佳^*, 宋明顺, 潘耀辉

作者信息 +

Literature Review and Prospects on Product Concept Design Scheme Generation and Evaluation Methods

CHEN Sitong, HUANG Jia^*, SONG Mingshun, PAN Yaohui

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的概念设计方案的生成与评价是产品创新过程的重要环节。过去几十年,国内外学者提出了多种方法与模型以提高产品概念设计过程的有效性,但鲜有研究对这些方法进行归纳总结。方法为此,围绕产品概念设计方案生成与评价相关的研究主题,通过检索2004年至2024年发表的334篇国内外核心期刊文献,对其进行系统性综述。结论首先,从年发文量和发表期刊两方面对文献进行统计分析。其次,将产品概念设计过程分为过程建模、方案求解与方案评价3个阶段,梳理各阶段涉及的主要研究方法并结合具体案例对上述方法进行分类评述,指出其存在的优势与不足。最后,从产品概念可持续闭环设计、生成式AI赋能的设计共创和情境智能驱动的自适应设计3个方面探讨了该领域的潜在研究方向。

Abstract

The generation and evaluation of conceptual design schemes are the critical stages during the product innovation process. Over the last decades, plenty of methods and models regarding product conceptual design have been proposed by scholars at home and abroad, but few contributions are made to review and summarize these researches. Therefore, a systematic review about generation and evaluation of product conceptual design schemes was conducted based on 334 published articles from 2004 to 2024. First, a statistical analysis of the relevant literature is conducted in terms of annual publication volume and journal distribution. Second, the product conceptual design process is divided into three stages: process modeling, scheme generation, and scheme evaluation. The crucial approaches involved in each stage are systematically reviewed, and these approaches are categorized and critically discussed with specific case studies to highlight their strengths and limitations. Finally, three potential research directions in this field are discussed from three aspects: sustainable closed-loop product conceptual design, generative AI-enabled co-design, and context-aware intelligent adaptive design.

导出引用1

陈思彤, 黄佳, 宋明顺, 潘耀辉. 产品概念设计方案生成及评价方法文献回顾与研究展望[J]. 包装工程. 2025, 46(24): 115-128 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.24.010

CHEN Sitong, HUANG Jia, SONG Mingshun, PAN Yaohui. Literature Review and Prospects on Product Concept Design Scheme Generation and Evaluation Methods[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2025, 46(24): 115-128 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2025.24.010

中图分类号： TB472

参考文献

[1] 郭鑫, 王海涵, 王杰,等. 韧性产品交互式概念设计与知识推理方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(11): 74-83.
GUO X, WANG H H, WANG J, et al.Research on Interactive Conceptual Design and Knowledge Reasoning Method of Resilient Products[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(11): 74-83.
[2] 黄佳, 姚启明, 宋明顺,等. 顾客需求信息驱动下基于HFGLDS的产品概念设计方法研究[J]. 工业工程与管理, 2024, 29(6): 104-114.
HUANG J, YAO Q M, SONG M S, et al.A Novel Product Conceptual Design Method Based on the HFGLDS Driven by Customer Requirement Information[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2024, 29(6): 104-114.
[3] 薛立华. 机械产品概念设计方案生成及评价方法研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2006: 3.
XUE L H.Scheme Generation and Evaluation Methods of Conceptual Design of Mechanical Products[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2006: 3.
[4] CHEN C H, CHONG Y T, CHANG W, et al.A Quality-Time-Cost-Oriented Strategy for Product Conceptualization[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2012, 26(1): 16-25.
[5] KULAK O, CEBI S, KAAHRAMAN C.Applications of Axiomatic Design Principles: A Literature Review[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010(37): 6705-6717.
[6] 白仲航, 张资恒, 李晨辉, 等. 功能-行为-结构(FBS)模型方法研究综述[J]. 图学学报, 2022, 43(5): 765-775.
BAI Z H, ZHANG Z H, LI C H, et al.Review on Research of FBS Model Method[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2022, 43(5): 765-775.
[7] LI X, WANG Y, SHA Z.Deep Learning Methods of Cross-Modal Tasks for Conceptual Design of Product Shapes: A Review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2023, 145(4): 041401.
[8] LUO J, FENG L, LUXIMON Y.Impacts and Opportunities of Deep Learning in Product Design Process: A Comprehensive Survey[J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2024, 36(5-6): 948-975.
[9] ZHANG S, XU J, GOU H, et al.A Research Review on the Key Technologies of Intelligent Design for Customized Products[J]. Engineering, 2017(3): 631-640.
[10] WANG Z, LIANG X, LI M, et al.Towards Cognitive Intelligence-Enabled Product Design: The Evolution, State-of-the-Art, and Future of AI-Enabled Product Design[J]. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2025(43): 100759.
[11] LIANG X, WANG Z, LIU J.A Survey of Large Language Model-Augmented Knowledge Graphs for Advanced Complex Product Design[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2025(80): 883-901.
[12] ZHENG H, FENG Y, TAN J, et al.An Integrated Cognitive Computing Approach for Systematic Conceptual Design[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 2016, 17(4): 286-294.
[13] 孟祥斌, 孙苏榕. 融合语义学的产品概念设计过程模型研究[J]. 机械设计, 2017, 34(2): 110-114.
MENG X B, SUN S R.Research of Product Conceptual Design Process Model Integrated Semantics[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2017, 34(2): 110-114.
[14] FAZELI H R, PENG Q.Generation and Evaluation of Product Concepts by Integrating Extended Axiomatic Design, Quality Function Deployment and Design Structure Matrix[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2022(54): 101716.
[15] LO C H, TSENG K C, CHU C H.One-Step QFD Based 3D Morphological Charts for Concept Generation of Product Variant Design[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010, 37(11): 7351-7363.
[16] LI X, LI H.Age-Appropriate Design of Domestic Intelligent Medical Products: An Example of Smart Blood Glucose Detector for the Elderly with AHP-QFD Joint KE[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e27387.
[17] CARNEVALLI J A, MIGUEL P A C, CALARGE F A. Axiomatic Design Application for Minimising the Difficulties of QFD Usage[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2010, 125(1): 1-12.
[18] RONG H, LIU W, LI J, et al.Product Innovation Design Process Combined Kano and TRIZ with AD: Case Study[J]. Plos one, 2024, 19(3): e0296980.
[19] TANG D, ZHANG G, DAI S.Design as Integration of Axiomatic Design and Design Structure Matrix[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2009, 25(3): 610-619.
[20] 周吉浩, 江屏, 韩宇轩. 基于公理设计的产品功能架构设计过程研究[J]. 机械设计与研究, 2023, 39(1): 1-9.
ZHOU J H, JIANG P, HAN Y X.Research on Product Functional Architecture Design Process Based on Axiomatic Design[J]. Machine Design & Research, 2023, 39(1): 1-9.
[21] HELMS B, SHEA K.Computational Synthesis of Product Architectures Based on Object-Oriented Graph Grammars[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, 2012, 134(2): 021008.
[22] 祝德刚, 宫琳, 唐圣, 等. 基于专利知识图谱的产品创新概念设计方法[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2022, 28(11): 3599-3614.
ZHU D G, GONG L, TANG S, et al.Conceptual Design Method for Product Innovation Based on a Patent Knowledge Graph[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2022, 28(11): 3599-3614.
[23] CAO D, FU M W.Port-Based Ontology Modeling to Support Product Conceptualization[J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2011, 27(3): 646-656.
[24] 王体春, 华洋, 秦家祺. 机械产品方案设计的可拓本体相关网推理模型[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(9): 61-70.
WANG T C, HUA Y, QIN J Q.Reasoning Model for Mechanical Product Scheme Design Based on Extensional Ontology Related Network[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 48(9): 61-70.
[25] 屠立, 张树有. 面向可重用的复杂产品设计知识表达与建模[J]. 中国机械工程, 2010, 21(7): 777-781.
TU L, ZHANG S Y.Knowledge Representation and Modeling Oriented to Reusable Complex Product Design[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(7): 777-781.
[26] CHU C Y, ZHANG C J, YIN C F.Synchronous Integration Method of Mechatronic System Design, Geometric Design, and Simulation Based on SysML[J]. Computer-Aided Design. 2024(174): 103735.
[27] LI M, LOU S, ZHENG H, et al.A Cognitive Analysis-Based Key Concepts Derivation Approach for Product Design[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024(236): 121289.
[28] SHAO H, PAN S, SONG Y, et al.Research on Product Conceptual Design Scheme Configurations from a Designer-User Conflict Perspective[J]. Applied Sciences, 2024, 14(7): 2968.
[29] 杨雯丹, 曹国忠. 专利数据辅助的新产品概念设计方案生成方法[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2024, 30(3): 992-1010.
YANG W D, CAO G Z.Patent Data-Assisted Concept Generation for New Product Development[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2024, 30(3): 992-1010.
[30] LUO J, SARICA S, WOOD K L.Guiding Data-Driven Design Ideation by Knowledge Distance[J]. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2021(218): 106873.
[31] 张屹, 陈平, 孔亮, 等. 基于多色集合的产品概念设计建模与方案优选方法研究[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2016(4): 21-25.
ZHANG Y, CHEN P, KONG L, et al.Product Information Modeling Based on Polychromatic Sets and Scheme Optimum Selection for Conceptual Design[J]. Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2016(4): 21-25.
[32] 张建军, 陈旭晖, 张利, 等. 集成TOC/TRIZ/Fuzzy的产品概念设计方法的研究[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2011, 30(7): 1154-1158.
ZHANG J J, CHEN X H, ZHANG L, et al.An Integrated TOC/TRIZ/Fuzzy Product Design Method[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2011, 30(7): 1154-1158.
[33] LIU Q, WANG K, LI Y, et al.A Novel Function-Structure Concept Network Construction and Analysis Method for a Smart Product Design System[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2022(51): 101502.
[34] YANG M, XIA Y, JIA L, et al.A Modular Design Method Based on TRIZ and AD and Its Application to Cutter Changing Robot[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 13(7):1-18.
[35] JIANG S, JING L, SUN T, et al.A Conceptual Scheme Improvement Approach Based on the Performance Value of the Principle Solution Taking a Coal Mining Machine as a Case Study[J]. Computers in Industry, 2019(105): 17-34.
[36] GENG J, ZHANG S, HUI W.Knowledge Recommendation Method for Concept Development of Manufacturing Technology Using Morphological Similarity[J]. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2018, 28(8): 1121-1150.
[37] KANG Y, TANG D.Matrix-Based Computational Conceptual Design With Ant Colony Optimisation[J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2013, 24(6): 429-452.
[38] ZHANG B, MA M, WANG Z.Promoting Active Aging Through Assistive Product Design Innovation: A Preference-Based Integrated Design Framework[J]. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023(11): 1203830.
[39] 董晓玮, 徐晓琴. 基于FAST模型的水果快递箱概念设计[J]. 包装工程, 2020, 41(3): 77-81.
DONG X W, XU X Q.Conceptual Design of Fruit Express Box Based on FAST Model[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2020, 41(3): 77-81.
[40] LI S, LI W, LI Y.An Extended Functional Design Approach Based on Working Principle and Property and Its Application[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(12): 6284.
[41] 白仲航, 邓暄, 于菲, 等. 面向系统资源挖掘的FBS与发明原理辅助裁剪创新方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(15): 255-266.
BAI Z H, DENG X, YU F, et al.FBS and Invention Principles Aided Trimming Innovative Design Method for System Resource Mining[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(15): 255-266.
[42] ZHOU J, YU M, ZHAO W, et al.An Iterative Conceptual Design Process for Modular Product Based on Sustainable Analysis and Creative Template Method[J]. Processes, 2022, 10(6): 1095.
[43] 刘付勤, 李丽凤. 基于KJ/Kano/FAST模式的产品概念设计[J]. 机械设计, 2022, 39(6): 149-154.
LIU F Q, LI L F.Product Conceptual Design Based on KJ/Kano/Fast Model[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2022, 39(6): 149-154.
[44] 陈洁, 许帅康, 孙学涛, 等. 基于用户需求导向的智能座舱柔性试验台概念设计集成方法[J]. 机械设计, 2024, 41(3): 170-176.
CHEN J, XU S K, SUN X T, et al.Integrated Method of Concept Design of Intelligent Cockpit Flexible Test Bench Based on User Requirement Orientation[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2024, 41(3): 170-176.
[45] 刘江南, 于德介, 彭丽, 等. 基于裁剪法的机构综合专利利用再创新模型[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 40(10): 43-51.
LIU J N, YU D J, PENG L, et al.Study on Innovative Mechanism Synthesis by Utilizing Patent Information Based on Trimming[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences), 2013, 40(10): 43-51.
[46] TRUONG V D, BRACE W.Design By Cataloguing—A Product-Driven Design Approach For The Conceptual Design Of Fusion Remote Maintenance Systems[J]. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2025(212): 114848.
[47] 贾丽臻, 刘伟, 檀润华, 等. 基于生物-技术特征类比的产品概念设计方法研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2015, 22(4): 301-308.
JIA L Z, LIU W, TAN R H, et al.Research on Product Conceptual Design Based on Biological-Technological Characteristic Analogy[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2015, 22(4): 301-308.
[48] ALISANTOSO D, KHOO L P.Early Analysis of Design Concepts Using Rough Set Theory[J]. International Journal of Systems Science, 2009, 40(2): 121-130.
[49] LIU W, TAN R, CAO G, et al.Creative Design Through Knowledge Clustering and Case-Based Reasoning[J]. Engineering with Computers, 2020(36): 527-541.
[50] 姚干勤, 薛澄岐. 基于相似案例的产品可拓重构设计方法[J]. 包装工程, 2019, 40(14): 119-127+161.
YAO G Q, XUE C Q. The Design Method of Product Extension Reconfiguration Based on Similar Cases[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2019, 40(14): 119-127+161.
[51] 卢曼泽, 王新亭, 张峻霞, 等. 基于FBS与基元模型的机械装备概念设计研究[J]. 机械设计, 2018, 35(5): 111-115.
LU M Z, WANG X T, ZHANG J X, et al.Research on Mechanical Equipment Concept Design Based on FBS Model and Primitive Model[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2018, 35(5): 111-115.
[52] 王体春, 秦家祺, 华洋. 基于可拓本体的复杂产品方案设计可拓集成框架研究[J]. 机电工程, 2020, 37(5): 461-470.
WANG T C, QIN J Q, HUA Y.Extension Integration Framework for Complex Product Scheme Design Based on Extension Ontology[J]. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2020, 37(5): 461-470.
[53] 娄山河, 冯毅雄, 郑浩, 等. 模拟人脑工作机制的机械产品概念设计行为原理启发求解方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(24): 344-358.
LOU S H, FENG Y X, ZHENG H, et al.Brain-Like Behavior Effect-Inspiring and Principle Structure-Combining Method for Mechanical Product Conceptual Design[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(24): 344-358.
[54] LI X, SU J, ZHANG Z, et al.Product Innovation Concept Generation Based on Deep Learning and Kansei Engineering[J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 2021, 32(10): 559-589.
[55] GUO X, ZHAO W, HU H, et al.A Smart Knowledge Deployment Method for the Conceptual Design of Low-Carbon Products[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021(321): 128994.
[56] HUO Y L, HU X B, CHEN B Y, et al.A Product Conceptual Design Method Based on Evolutionary Game[J]. Machines, 2019, 7(1): 18.
[57] FAZELI H R, PENG Q.Product Concept Development and Evaluation Using Multiagent Reinforcement Learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2024(71): 8701-8716.
[58] LIU Q, CHEN J, WU Y, et al.Linguistic Z-Numbers and Cloud Model Weighted Ranking Technology and Its Application in Concept Evaluation of Information Axiom[J]. Journal of Supercomputing, 2022, 78(5): 6061-6089.
[59] CHEN D, CHU X, SUN X, et al.A New Product Service System Concept Evaluation Approach Based on Information Axiom in a Fuzzy-Stochastic Environment[J]. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2015, 28(11): 1123-1141.
[60] AYDOGAN S, GUNAY E E, AKAY D, et al.Concept Design Evaluation by Using Z-Axiomatic Design[J]. Computers in Industry, 2020(122): 103278.
[61] SHARAF H K, ISHAK M R, SAPUAN S M, et al.Conceptual Design of the Cross-Arm for the Application in the Transmission Towers by Using TRIZ-Morphological Chart-ANP Methods[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 9182-9188.
[62] SONG W, NIU Z, ZHENG P.Design Concept Evaluation of Smart Product-Service Systems Considering Sustainability: An Integrated Method[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2021(159): 107485.
[63] SUN H, MA Q, CHEN Z, et al.A Novel Decision-Making Approach for Product Design Evaluation Using Improved TOPSIS and GRP Method Under Picture Fuzzy Set[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 2023, 25(4): 1689-1706.
[64] WANG T, YANG L.Combining GRA with a Fuzzy QFD Model for the New Product Design and Development of Wickerwork Lamps[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(5): 4208.
[65] HONG Z, CUI K, FENG Y, et al.Integrated MADM of Low-Carbon Structural Design for High-End Equipment Based on Attribute Reduction Considering Incomplete Interval Uncertainties[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 19649.
[66] MA L D, WANG W X, XIE J W, et al.Evaluation of Product Conceptual Design Based on Pythagorean Fuzzy Set Under Big Data Environment[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 22387.
[67] NGHIEMh T B H, CHU T C. Evaluating Sustainable Conceptual Designs Using an AHP-Based ELECTRE I Method[J]. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 2021, 20(4): 1121-1152.
[68] KUMA P, TANDON P.Design Decision in the Manufacturing Environment Using an Improved Multiple-Criteria Performance Evaluation Method[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2022, 47(3): 3751-3762.
[69] 于海祥. 结合FAHP与模糊COPRAS的机床设备优选方法[J]. 湘潭大学自然科学学报, 2017, 39(1): 103-108.
YU H X.A Machine Tool Selection Optimization Method Based on FAHP and Fuzzy COPRAS[J]. Journal of Xiangtan University(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 39(1): 103-108.
[70] ZHOU T, CHEN Z, MING X.Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Smart Product-Service Design Concept Under Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Environment: A Novel Cloud Envelopment Analysis Approach[J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2022(115): 105228.
[71] 王增强, 陈振颂, 蒲云. 基于累积前景理论的无人机传感器产品概念方案开发决策[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2023, 29(3): 938-950.
WANG Z Q, CHEN Z S, PU Y.Decision-Making for Product Conceptual Alternatives Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Sensor Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2023, 29(3): 938-950.
[72] 赵宏, 黄宏钟, 李永华, 等. 概念设计产品的模糊可靠性预测及方案评价[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2005(8): 981-984.
ZHAO H, HUANG H Z, LI Y H, et al.Fuzzy Reliability Analysis and Scheme Evaluation in Conceptual Design Phase of Product Development[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2005(8): 981-984.
[73] JING L, ZHAN Y, LI Q, et al.An Integrated Product Conceptual Scheme Decision Approach Based on Shapley Value Method and Fuzzy Logic for Economic-Technical Objectives Trade-Off Under Uncertainty[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2021(156): 107281.
[74] GARCES G A, RAKOTONDRANAIVO A, BONJOUR E.Improving Users' Product Acceptability: An Approach Based on Bayesian Networks and a Simulated Annealing Algorithm[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2016, 54(17): 5151-5168.
[75] LIU Y, KIM K.An Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Product Design Framework with a Synergistic Combination of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization[J]. Soft Computing, 2023, 27(23): 17621-17638.
[76] 王愫, 刘月林, 孙利. 面向AI生成的产品概念设计方案智能评估方法[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2025, 31(1): 20-34.
WANG S, LIU Y L, SUN L.Intelligent Evaluation Method of Product Concept Design Scheme for AI Generation[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2025, 31(1): 20-34.
[77] DOGAN K M, SUZUKI H, GUNPINAR E.Eye Tracking for Screening Design Parameters in Adjective-Based Design of Yacht Hull[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2018(166): 262-277.
[78] KHANDELWAL P, AL-ASHAAB A, OAD N M, et al.Set-Based Design Application on Dates Harvesting Machine[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(5): e27005.
[79] PICARDI G, DE LUCA M, CHIMIENTI G, et al.User-Driven Design and Development of an Underwater Soft Gripper for Biological Sampling and Litter Collection[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(4): 771.
[80] 熊宗慧, 曹东升, 胡平平, 等. 基于TRIZ与可拓创新方法的机械产品概念设计方法研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2024, 52(3): 86-92.
XIONG Z H, CAO D S, HU P P, et al.Research on Conceptual Design Method of Mechanical Products Based on TRIZ and Extension Innovation Method[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2024, 52(3): 86-92.
[81] PENG Z, HU X, ZHU K, et al.An Evaluation Model for Selection of Large-Scale Product Concept Design Schemes in Design Crowdsourcing Environment[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2024(62): 102680.