目的 探究沉浸式展览中影响心流体验的关键交互设计要素,揭示其内在影响机制,旨在为优化展览交互设计、提升观众沉浸式体验提供理论模型与实证依据。方法 首先,采用扎根理论对网络评论数据进行质性编码,识别出影响心流体验的9个交互设计要素;其次,结合心流理论框架,构建交互设计要素对心流体验影响的理论模型并提出假设;最后,通过问卷调查收集385份有效样本并运用结构方程模型对理论模型进行了实证检验。结果 扎根理论分析凝练出感知触发层、动态参与层、情感强化层3个维度下的9个交互设计要素。结构方程模型验证结果表明,多感官协同、交互技术、环境氛围、沉浸式叙事、行为参与和临场感6个要素对心流前兆有显著的正向影响（P<0.05）并能通过心流前兆间接影响心流结果。其中,交互技术（β=0.216）与临场感（β=0.208）的影响最为显著。结论 研究构建并验证了沉浸式展览中交互设计要素对心流体验的影响路径模型。研究表明,通过优化感知、参与及情感层面的关键交互设计,可有效触发观众的心流前兆,从而提升整体沉浸式体验。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the key interaction design elements that affect the flow experience in immersive exhibitions and reveal their intrinsic influence mechanisms, with the goal of providing a theoretical model and empirical evidence for optimizing exhibition design and enhancing the audience's immersive experience. Firstly, the grounded theory was used to qualitatively code online review data to identify nine interaction design elements affecting the flow experience. Secondly, a theoretical model of the elements' impact on the flow experience was constructed, and hypotheses were proposed in conjunction with the flow theory framework. Finally, 385 valid questionnaire samples were collected, and a structural equation model (SEM) was used to empirically test the theoretical model. The grounded theory analysis condensed 9 interaction design elements in three dimensions: perception trigger layer, dynamic participation layer, and emotional reinforcement layer. The verification results of the structural equation model indicated that six elements, namely multi-sensory collaboration, interactive technology, environmental atmosphere, immersive narrative, behavioral participation, and sense of presence, had a significant positive impact on flow precursors (P<0.05), and could indirectly affect flow outcomes through flow precursors. Among them, the impact of interactive technology (β=0.216) and sense of presence (β=0.208) was the most significant. In conclusion, a path model of the impact of interactive design elements on flow experience in immersive exhibitions is constructed and validated. Research shows that optimizing key interaction designs at the perception, engagement, and emotional levels can effectively trigger flow precursors in the audience, thereby enhancing the overall immersive experience.
关键词
沉浸式展览 /
心流理论 /
扎根理论 /
结构方程模型 /
用户研究
Key words
immersive exhibition /
flow theory /
grounded theory /
structural equation model (SEM) /
user research
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 拉尼尔J. 虚拟现实: 万象的新开端[M]. 赛迪研究院专家组, 译. 北京: 中信出版社, 2018.
LANIER J.Dawn of the New Everything: A Journey Through Virtual Reality[M]. Expert Group of CCID Research, translated. Beijing: CITIC Press, 2018.
[2] 孙玉洁. 数字媒体艺术沉浸式场景设计研究[D]. 北京: 中国艺术研究院, 2021.
SUN Y J.Research on Immersive Scene Design of Digital Media Art[D]. Beijing: Chinese National Academy of Arts, 2021.
[3] 吴彧弓. 沉浸式展览的“沉浸”何在?[J]. 美术观察, 2019(12): 30-31.
WU Y G.Where is the "Immersion" in Immersive Exhibitions?[J]. Art Observation, 2019(12): 30-31.
[4] CSIKSZENTMIHALYI M.Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play[M]. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1975: 35-54.
[5] 韩海燕, 方兴. 设计学用户研究的多学科知识系统综述[J]. 包装工程, 2022, 43(18): 216-231.
HAN H Y, FANG X.Multidisciplinary Knowledge System Review Of User Research In Design Science[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2022, 43(18): 216-231.
[6] CSIKSZENTMIHALYI M.Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience[M]. New York: Harper & Row, 1990.
[7] 张琦悦, 曹田. 基于心流理论的莫高窟景区体验式设计研究[J]. 工业工程设计, 2020, 2(2): 128-133.
ZHANG Q Y, CAO T.Experiential Design Research Of Mogao Grottoes Scenic Area Based On Flow Theory[J]. Industrial Engineering Design, 2020, 2(2): 128-133.
[8] 柴彦宇, 殷亦赫. 交互叙事视角下景区公共设施的沉浸式体验设计[J]. 包装工程, 2024,45(16):403-412.
CHAI Y Y, YIN Y H.Immersive Experience Design Of Scenic Public Facilities From The Perspective Of Interactive Narrative[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(16): 403-412.
[9] 常静, 廉喻哲, 李伟. 叙事性理论在展示设计中的应用研究[J]. 工业工程设计, 2020, 2(1): 59-63.
CHANG J, LIAN Y Z, LI W.Application Research Of Narrative Theory In Exhibition Design[J]. Industrial Engineering Design, 2020, 2(1): 59-63.
[10] 蔡林, 贾绪计. 学业自我效能感与在线学习投入的关系: 学习动机和心流体验的链式中介作用[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2020, 18(6): 805-811.
CAI L, JIA X J.The Relationship between Academic Self-efficacy and Online Learning Engagement: The Chain Mediating Role of Learning Motivation and Flow Experience[J]. Psychological and Behavioral Research, 2020, 18(6): 805-811.
[11] 姜婷婷, 陈佩龙, 许艳闰. 国外心流理论应用研究进展[J]. 信息资源管理学报, 2021, 11(5): 4-16.
JIANG T T, CHEN P L, XU Y R.Research Progress On The Application Of Foreign Flow Theory[J]. Journal of Information Resources Management, 2021, 11(5): 4-16.
[12] JENSEN J L.Designing for Profound Experiences[J]. Design Issues, 2014, 30(3): 39-52.
[13] 邓鹏. 心流:体验生命的潜能和乐趣[J]. 远程教育杂志, 2006(3): 74-78.
DENG P.Flow: Experience The Potential And Joy of Life[J]. Distance Education Journal, 2006(3): 74-78.
[14] FINNERAN C M, ZHANG P.A Person-Artefact-Task (PAT) Model Of Flow Antecedents In Computer- Mediated Environments[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(4): 475-496.
[15] JACKSON S A, MARSH H W.Development And Validation Of A Scale To Measure Optimal Experience: The Flow State Scale[J]. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1996, 18(1): 17-35.
[16] 毕伟, 梁悦, 吴琼. 交互与沉浸: 岭南红色文化特色小镇的多频道网络叙事研究[J].出版科学, 2023, 31(5): 51-62.
BI W, LIANG Y, WU Q.Interaction and Immersion: A Multi-channel Network Narrative Study of Lingnan Red Cultural Characteristic Town[J]. Publishing Science, 2023, 31(5): 51-62.
[17] 陆吉健, 周美美, 张霞, 等. 基于MR实验的“多模态+人机协同”教学及应用探索[J].远程教育杂志, 2021, 39(6): 58-66.
LU J J, ZHOU M M, ZHANG X, et al.Teaching And Application Exploration Of "Multimodal + Human- Computer Collaboration" Based On MR Experiment[J]. Distance Education Journal, 2021, 39(6): 58-66.
[18] 周玉婷. 基于心流理论的沉浸式景观营造研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2024.
ZHOU Y T.Research On Immersive Landscape Creation Based On Flow Theory[D]. KunmingL Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2024.
[19] 林苗苗. 交互设计中的焦虑产生与化解[D]. 杭州: 中国美术学院, 2023.
LIN M M.Generation And Resolution Of Anxiety In Interaction Design [D]. Hangzhou: China Academy of Art, 2023.
[20] WEIBEL D, WISSMATH B.Immersion in Computer Games: The Role of Spatial Presence and Flow[J]. International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2011(10): 1-14.
[21] 韩正彪, 周鹏. 扎根理论质性研究方法在情报学研究中的应用[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(5): 19-23.
HAN Z B, ZHOU P.Application Of Grounded Theory Qualitative Research Methods In Information Science Research[J]. Information Studies: Theory & Application, 2011, 34(5): 19-23.
[22] STRAUSS A J.Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
[23] 吴明隆. 结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2010.
WU M L.Structural Equation Model: Operation and Application of AMOS[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2010.
[24] 许泽君, 刘键, 邹锋. 基于扎根理论的用户惊喜感设计策略探究[J]. 包装工程, 2021, 42(16): 167-173.
XU Z J, LIU J, ZOU F.Research on Design Strategies for User Surprise Based on Grounded Theory[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2021, 42(16): 167-173.
[25] 熊畅. 基于Python爬虫技术的网页数据抓取与分析研究[J]. 数字技术与应用, 2017(9): 35-36.
XIONG C.Research on Web Data Crawling and Analysis Based on Python Crawler Technology[J]. Digital Technology and Application, 2017(9): 35-36.
[26] 肖建, 林海波. Python编程基础[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003.
XIAO J, LIN H B.Python Programming Basics[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2003.
[27] 欧梨成, 张帆, 陈培颖. 传播学视域下科技期刊短视频平台运营策略探析——以抖音、哔哩哔哩和微信视频号为例[J]. 中国科技期刊研究, 2022, 33(1): 58-66.
OU L C, ZHANG F, CHEN P Y.Analysis of Operation Strategies for Sci-tech Journal Short Video Platforms from the Perspective of Communication Studies: Taking Douyin, Bilibili and WeChat Video Accounts as Examples[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2022, 33(1): 58-66.
[28] 张笑玮. 参与式文化视角下图书馆社交媒体平台运营研究——以B站为例[J]. 图书馆工作与研究, 2025(2): 97-102.
ZHANG X W.Research on Library Social Media Platform Operation from the Perspective of Participatory Culture: Taking Bilibili as an Example[J]. Library Work and Study, 2025(2): 97-102.
[29] 万茜婷, 韩海燕, 张晶晶, 等. 面向不同场认知的信息交互设计用户体验评价研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025, 46(10): 417-427.
WAN Q T, HAN H Y, ZHANG J J, et al.Research On User Experience Evaluation Of Information Interaction Design For Different Field Cognition Styles[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025, 46(10): 417-427.
[30] 季丹, 郭政, 李武. Flow理论视角下的社会化阅读行为影响因素[J]. 图书馆论坛, 2020, 40(5): 116-122.
JI D, GUO Z, LI W.Influencing Factors Of Social Reading Behavior From The Perspective Of Flow Theory[J]. Library Tribune, 2020, 40(5): 116-122.
[31] 曹凯怡, 徐晨. 基于心流理论的“昆曲十番”数字文化创意产品设计[J]. 工业设计, 2021(12): 146-147.
CAO K Y, XU C.Digital Cultural Creative Product Design Of "Kunqu Shifan" Based On Flow Theory[J]. Industrial Design, 2021(12): 146-147.
[32] CHEN C, ZHANG K, GONG X, et al.Understanding Compulsive Smartphone Use: An Empirical Test Of A Flow Based Model[J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2017, 37(5): 438-454.
[33] 李彤彤, 李国涛, 刘金佑, 等. 破解在线讨论评价困境: 交互深度的智能化评价方法探索[J]. 中国远程教育, 2025, 45(8): 95-115.
LI T T, LI G T, LIU J Y, et al.Cracking the Evaluation Dilemma of Online Discussions: An Intelligent Assessment Method for Interaction Depth[J]. Distance Education in China, 2025, 45(8): 95-115.
[34] FIORE M A, KIM J, LEE H.Effect of Image Interactivity Technology on Consumer Responses Toward the Online Retailer[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 2005, 19(3): 38-53.
[35] CHANG C C.Examining Users' Intention To Continue Using Social Network Games: A Flow Experience Perspective[J]. Telematics and Informatics, 2013, 30(4): 311-321.
[36] 唐靖雯王锋, 钟劲松, 等. 基于游客感知价值理论的博物馆文创产品设计与应用研究[J].包装工程, 2024, 45(24): 163-171.
TANG J W, WANG F, ZHONG J S, et al.Research On Design And Application Of Museum Cultural And Creative Products Based On Tourist Perceived Value Theory[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(24): 163-171.
[37] FORNELL C, LARCKER D F.Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables And Measurement Error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981, 18(1): 39-50.
基金
国家社会科学基金艺术学项目（22EG213）
PDF(2100 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501717号