目的 改善传统古迹遗址学龄儿童科普效能低的局限,以情境认知理论指导设计策略并有效解决学龄儿童古迹遗址认知脱节与认知低效问题。方法 首先,重构包含情绪、探索与社交三维度的儿童行为观察法并开展实地调研;其次,结合皮亚杰认知发展理论、情境认知理论构建分析研究的框架;最后,通过设计开发实践及量化研究的评估为提出的策略提供实证佐证。结果 通过创新的三维行为观察法,发现了信息感知失效、空间感知缺失与行为交互不适三个核心脱节点;结合情境认知理论构建了学龄儿童认知特征-认知困境-认知需求的问题解决框架,依据认知促进为导向的设计策略完成了VR望远镜产品原型设计及认知有效性评估测试。结论 面向古迹遗址科普场景,提出以“知行合一、情境实践”为内核的认知促进设计策略。该策略在提升儿童注意力、满意度与知识记忆等方面具有积极作用,能有效弥合其认知脱节的问题,为儿童导向的文化遗产科普提供了可推广的设计策略。
Abstract
The work aims to enhance the effectiveness of science popularization for school-age children at historical sites by addressing cognitive disconnections and inefficiencies through design strategies guided by the situated cognition theory. Firstly, a three-dimensional behavioral observation framework encompassing emotional, exploratory, and social behaviors was reconstructed, and field research in four site museums was conducted. Secondly, by integrating the Piaget's cognitive development theory and the situated cognition theory, an analytical research framework was established. Finally, design development and quantitative evaluation provided empirical support for the proposed strategies. The results, derived from the innovative three-dimensional behavioral observation, identified three core disconnections: ineffective information perception, deficient spatial understanding, and inappropriate behavioral interaction. A problem-solving framework linking cognitive characteristics, dilemmas, and needs of school-age children was constructed based on situated cognition, leading to the development of a VR binoculars prototype and tests of cognition effectiveness guided by cognitive promotion strategies. In conclusion, a cognitive promotion design strategy centered on the "integration of knowing and doing" and "situated practice" is proposed for heritage science popularization. This strategy positively enhances children's attention, satisfaction, and knowledge retention, effectively mitigating cognitive disconnections and offering a transferable design approach for child-oriented cultural heritage education.
关键词
学龄儿童 /
情境认知 /
古迹遗址 /
科普
Key words
school-age children /
situated cognition /
heritage sites /
science popularization
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基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目（21YJAZH021）; 内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目（2022YFDZ0017）; 内蒙古自然科学基金（2024LHMS05030）
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