汽车中控HMI适老化视觉设计对老年驾驶员操作负荷的影响研究

李小耶; 张珂

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.005

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包装工程（设计栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12) : 57-69. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.005

专题：高端车辆装备智造系统创新

汽车中控HMI适老化视觉设计对老年驾驶员操作负荷的影响研究

李小耶¹, 张珂^2,*

作者信息 +

Effects of Age-friendly Visual Design in Automotive Central Control HMIs on Older Drivers' Operational Workload

LI Xiaoye¹, ZHANG Ke^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的随着汽车中控人机交互界面（Human-Machine Interface,HMI）日益复杂,老年驾驶员在视觉、认知与操作能力退化的情况下使用车载系统时面临更高的认知负荷与安全风险。本研究结合情感化与适老化设计,探讨界面视觉要素对老年用户操作体验的影响,提出可实施的中控HMI优化策略。方法基于408份老年用户问卷,提取情感需求、功能需求与认知负荷因子,构建明度对比度高低、颜色饱和度高低及按钮边缘有无三类界面原型。邀请20名老年驾驶员在模拟驾驶环境中完成操作任务,采用眼动仪记录眨眼次数、注视次数与注视时长并使用NASA-TLX量表评估六维工作负荷,运用配对样本t检验比较不同界面条件。结果在本研究所设定的模拟驾驶任务与实验条件下,提高界面明度对比度、颜色饱和度并强化按钮边缘提示,有助于改善老年驾驶员的视觉注意分配特征,降低其主观工作负荷水平,从而提升界面的可读性与操作效率。相关结果为适老化汽车中控HMI的情感化视觉设计提供了量化依据。结论提高明度对比度与颜色饱和度并强化按钮边缘的情感化视觉设计,可减轻老年驾驶员的视觉认知负荷,提升界面可读性与操作效率,为智能汽车中控HMI适老化提供定量依据。

Abstract

With the increasing complexity of automotive central control Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs), older drivers face higher cognitive workload and safety risks when using in-vehicle systems due to declines in visual, cognitive, and operational abilities. The work aims to integrate emotional design and age-friendly design to examine the effect of visual interface elements on older users' operational experience and to propose practical optimization strategies for central control HMIs. Based on 408 questionnaire responses from older users, factors related to emotional needs, functional needs, and cognitive workload were extracted. Three groups of interface prototypes were developed, involving different levels of luminance contrast, color saturation, and the presence or absence of button edge cues. 20 older drivers were invited to complete operation tasks in a simulated driving environment. Eye-tracking indicators, including blink count, fixation count, and fixation duration, were recorded, and the NASA-TLX scale was used to evaluate six-dimensional workload. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted to compare different interface conditions. Under the simulated driving tasks and experimental conditions in this work, increasing luminance contrast and color saturation and strengthening button edge cues helped improve the visual attention allocation of older drivers, reduce their subjective workload, and enhance interface readability and operational efficiency. These results provided quantitative evidence for the emotional visual design of age-friendly automotive central control HMIs. Emotional visual design strategies that increase luminance contrast and color saturation and emphasize button edges can reduce older drivers' visual cognitive workload, improve interface readability and operational efficiency, and provide quantitative support for the age-friendly design of intelligent automotive central control HMIs.

导出引用1

李小耶, 张珂. 汽车中控HMI适老化视觉设计对老年驾驶员操作负荷的影响研究[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(12): 57-69 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.005

LI Xiaoye, ZHANG Ke. Effects of Age-friendly Visual Design in Automotive Central Control HMIs on Older Drivers' Operational Workload[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(12): 57-69 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.005

中图分类号： TB482

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