目的 针对美术馆VR导览设备在老年群体使用中存在操作门槛高、视觉舒适性不足、漫游安全防护弱等问题,构建适老化VR导览眼镜的需求识别与设计转化流程。方法 以老年观展人群为研究对象,采用文献调研、用户访谈与问卷调研法,获得298份有效KANO问卷;依托KANO模型完成需求属性归类,结合Better-Worse系数量化判定指标优先级;在此基础上建立“KANO属性-设计指标-技术参数”三级映射,完成原型设计,并选取30名老年受试者开展10分制满意度评价,以普通商用VR眼镜为对照设备进行配对样本t检验。结果 研究形成31项功能指标,其中必备属性16项、期望属性4 项、魅力属性7项、无差异属性4项;原型方案总体与普通商用VR眼镜的配对比较未见显著差异,表明原型主观可接受性较好。结论 KANO模型可用于美术馆VR导览眼镜适老化需求分层,三级映射有助于将用户需求转化为可执行的结构、交互和安全参数;研究结果可为文博导览穿戴设备的适老化设计提供参考。
Abstract
To address the high operation threshold, insufficient visual comfort, weak roaming safety protection, and limited guidance adaptability of VR navigation devices used by the elderly in art museums, the work aims to construct a demand identification and design transformation process for elderly-friendly VR navigation glasses. With elderly museum visitors as the research subjects, 298 valid KANO questionnaires were obtained through literature review, user interviews, and questionnaire surveys. Based on the KANO model, demand attributes were classified, and their priorities were determined with Better-Worse coefficients. A three-level mapping relationship among "KANO attributes, design indicators, and technical parameters" was then established to develop a prototype of elderly-friendly VR navigation glasses. In addition, 30 elderly participants were selected for a 10-point satisfaction evaluation and a paired-samples t-test was performed with ordinary commercial VR glasses as a control device. A total of 31 functional indicators were identified, including 16 must-be attributes, 4 one-dimensional attributes, 7 attractive attributes, and 4 indifferent attributes. The prototype showed no significant difference in the paired comparison to ordinary commercial VR glasses, indicating that the prototype had good subjective acceptability. The KANO model can be used for hierarchical demand analysis of elderly-friendly VR navigation glasses in art museums. The three-level mapping helps transform elderly users' demands into structural, interaction, visual, and safety design parameters. This work provides a reference for the elderly-friendly design of wearable navigation devices in cultural and museum settings.
关键词
KANO模型 /
美术馆 /
适老化设计 /
VR导览眼镜 /
用户体验
Key words
KANO model /
art museum /
elderly-friendly design /
VR navigation glasses /
user experience
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 于晖. 老龄化社会进程中博物馆的职能拓展——日本学者相关研究及启示[J]. 东南文化, 2021(2): 184-190.
YU H.Expanding Museum Functions in an Aging Society: Studies by Japanese Scholars and Their Revelation[J]. Southeast Culture, 2021(2): 184-190.
[2] JAMSHIDI S, ENSAFI M, PATI D.Wayfinding in Interior Environments: An Integrative Review[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2020, 11: 549628.
[3] QI F, LU Z P, CHEN Y.Investigating the Influences of Healthcare Facility Features on Wayfinding Performance and Associated Stress Using Virtual Reality[J]. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 2022, 15(4): 131-151.
[4] 李娟, 张敏. 适老化VR产品设计研究现状与趋势[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(12): 289-296.
LI J, ZHANG M.Research Status and Trend of Elderly-Friendly VR Product Design[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(12): 289-296.
[5] YI X Y, LIU Z Z, LI H, et al.Immersive Experiences in Museums for Elderly with Cognitive Disorders: A User-Centered Design Approach[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14: 1971.
[6] ZHANG J, WEI Q, WEI X, et al.Exploring the Design of Virtual Reality Museums to Support Remote Visitation with Older Adults[C]// Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Human-Engaged Computing. New York: ACM, 2025: 1-7.
[7] VISHWANATH G.Enhancing Engagement through Digital Cultural Heritage: A Case Study about Senior Citizens Using a Virtual Reality Museum[C]// Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences. Nantes France: ACM, 2023: 150-156.
[8] SMITH J, JONES A.Older Adults' Experiences and Perceptions of Immersive Virtual Reality: Systematic Review[J]. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025, 27(6): e39876.
[9] JANGRA S, SINGH G, MANTRI A, et al.Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality on Museum Experiences: Visitor Immersion and Experience Consequences[J]. Virtual Reality, 2025, 29(2): 84.
[10] XIA H B, ZHANG Y, LI X, et al.Interface Design of VR Driverless Vehicle System on User-Prioritized Experience Requirements[J]. Sensors, 2025, 25(17): 5341.
[11] 王浩, 李丽. 老年智能穿戴产品适老化交互设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(8): 189-195.
WANG H, LI L.Research on Elderly-Friendly Interaction Design of Smart Wearable Products for the Aged[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(8): 189-195.
[12] 张劭坤, 戴翔. Kano模型在中国设计学研究中的应用[J]. 包装工程, 2023, 44(4): 262-269.
ZHANG S K, DAI X.Application of Kano Model in Chinese Design Research[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2023, 44(4): 262-269.
[13] 杨艺, 程俊翔. 基于KANO-AHP-FCE混合模型下的模块化救护车设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025, 46(16): 575-587.
YANG Y, CHENG J X.Modular Ambulance Design Based on KANO-AHP-FCE Model[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025, 46(16): 575-587.
[14] 刘芳,张磊. 基于多感官代偿的博物馆适老化展览设计研究[J]. 装饰,2026(04):142-143.
LIU F, ZHANG L.Research on Elderly-Friendly Exhibition Design of Museums Based on Multi-Sensory Compensation[J]. Art & Design, 2026(4): 142-143.
[15] BARNECHE-NAYA V, HERNÁNDEZ-IBÁÑEZ L A. Inclusive Museum Experiences through Immersive Virtual Reality: Enhancing Accessibility and Outreach for Older Audiences[M]// HCI International 2025 - Late Breaking Papers. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026: 3-16.
[16] HU A N, CHEN B Y, LIU S, et al.A Study on the Mechanisms Influencing Older Adults' Willingness to Use Digital Displays in Museums from a Cognitive Age Perspective[J]. Behavioral Sciences, 2024, 14(12): 1187.
[17] 野纪昭. 质量的魅力[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2018.
KANO N.The Charm of Quality[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2018.
[18] 齐浩, 陈净莲. 融合KANO和感性工学的老年家用药箱设计方法[J]. 包装工程, 2022, 43(6): 49-55.
QI H, CHEN J L.Design Method of Elderly Household Medicine Box Combining KANO and Kansei Engineering[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2022, 43(6): 49-55.
[19] 叶文涛, 韩宇翃. 基于Kano模型和TRIZ技术进化法则的老年代步车设计[J]. 包装工程, 2023, 44(S1): 312-319.
YE W T, HAN Y H.Design of Scooters for the Elderly Based on Kano Model and TRIZ Technology Evolution Law[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2023, 44(S1): 312-319.
[20] 李一晨, 李林璇. 基于Kano模型与多模态的老年记忆辅助功能手表设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2025, 46(24): 602-615.
LI Y C, LI L X.Design of Elderly Memory-Assisting Smart Watches Based on the Kano Model and Multimodality[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2025, 46(24): 602-615.
[21] 周效章. 高校数字资源社会化服务的用户需求属性分析——基于Kano模型[J]. 情报杂志, 2019, 38(10): 200-207.
ZHOU X Z.Attributes of User's Demand of the Socialized Digital Resources Service in Universities: An Analysis Based on the Kano Model[J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2019, 38(10): 200-207.
[22] 刘玲玲, 付焕娜, 马彪. 基于多模态融合的新中式皮革女包设计创新应用[J]. 皮革科学与工程, 2025, 35(2): 94-101.
LIU L L, FU H N, MA B.Innovative Application of New Chinese Leather Women's Bag Design Based on Multimodal Fusion[J]. Leather Science and Engineering, 2025, 35(2): 94-101.
基金
教育部供需对接就业育人项目（2025070395778）
PDF(2258 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501717号