Based on the sustainable vitality framework theory, applying the AHP analytic method, taking the Yao area as an example, this paper aims to study the design poverty alleviation model in ethnic minority areas, so that the design poverty alleviation is more in place, the mechanism is more scientific, and the scope is more comprehensive, which meets the inherent needs of farmers in the post-poverty era. Applying sustainable livelihood theory to analyze the livelihood capital of poor households in ethnic minority villages, taking the DFID sustainable livelihood framework analysis model as a paradigm, this paper constructs a poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihood framework for ethnic minority areas. Then qualitative research through the Delphi Expert Consultation Method Quantitative research with AHP analytic hierarchy process obtains research evaluation data, and statistical analysis is performed, support for the subsequent design of poverty alleviation practice is provided, and the design evidence-based is realized.Under the premise that the design needs to face the new needs of the post-poverty alleviation era, through the design of poverty alleviation research and practice in typical Yao areas, it is proved that the combination of sustainable livelihood theory and analytic hierarchy process can make the design of poverty alleviation strategy generation helpful to farmers. Based on the DFID sustainable livelihood framework analysis model, the ethnic minority villages design poverty alleviation sustainable livelihood framework can provide an analysis paradigm for the design of poverty alleviation in other ethnic minority areas. Its research ideas can play a certain reference value for designing poverty alleviation practices.