Based on the "five senses" experience design theory, this paper aims to explore the furniture design ideas suitable for the physical and mental development needs of preschool children, and provide a design direction and thought in view of the current single design status of "miniature adult furniture" in children's furniture design. Based on the experience theory of "five senses" and case analysis, the sensory preferences of preschool children were explored and the design key was clarified through questionnaire survey, sampling experiment and data analysis, based on the demands of physical and mental development characteristics of preschool children. In order to optimize the user experience and educational function of preschool furniture, the "five senses" experience design theory should be introduced to form a design idea aiming at the five senses experience from the perspectives of furniture form construction, material inclination, color preference, flavor characteristics and taste perception conversion. The "five senses" perception is the basic way and medium of information communication between human beings and the external environment. With the help of the "five senses" experience theory based on sensory perception inspiration, experience and creation, the product design theory of children's furniture can be enriched, and the design ideas and methods can be expanded.