Based on the current situation of centralized long ren apartment, this research takes the research of spatial adaptability as the starting point, and uses modular furniture design to meet the complex needs of its user population. Through investigation and information sorting, the residential characteristics and spatial conditions of centralized long rent apartment are analyzed, and then the relationship between spatial adaptability and modular theory is demonstrated. The precise size of 54 m2 experimental house type and modular furniture is proposed. Finally, the design deduction is completed through "variable spatial separation", "modular decomposition", "adaptive reorganization" and other aspects. In the 54 m2 experimental house type, the adaptability transformation between the "standard", "co habitation" and "working" rental modes is completed. By setting a movable partition interface in the apartment space and using the "decomposition → reconstruction uman settlement problems in centralized long rent apartment can be reduced to meet the needs of different groups of users, thereby presenting the adaptability of the space.