This paper aims to comprehensively, systematically, accurately grasp the behavior characteristics of the elderly, establish a practical basis for the design of elderly household products, and improve the quality of life of the elderly at home. The basic behaviors of the elderly were classified and summarized, and a questionnaire on the elderly's home behavior was prepared. 120 elderly people aged 65~90 in Shanghai were selected for the survey. Factor analysis, regression analysis and other methods are used for statistical analysis of survey data, so as to form a household product adaptability evaluation system based on user behavior characteristics. Basic action, fine action, hand action, strength tolerance and coordination, and cognitive state are the main factors affecting the adaptability evaluation of elderly household products. According to the evaluation index system and its influence weight distribution, combined with design practice cases, we explored and summarized the following design methods for elderly residential products:optimization design of cognitive path, auxiliary optimization design of strength, endurance and coordination, rough manipulation design of fine action, accessibility design of basic behavior, etc.