This paper aims to investigate and analyze the structural characteristics of the ruins after the earthquake, and propose a design scheme for rescue robots that can work efficiently in complex ruin structures. First, by investigating and analyzing factors such as the type of ruins, structural characteristics, stress conditions, internal space, etc., the corresponding rescue strategy and ruin structure safety assessment rules are proposed, and the problems existing in the work of the existing equipment in the complex ruin structure are summarized to construct innovative design elements for post- disaster rescue robots; then TRIZ theory was used to establish a functional model diagram of rescue equipment and determine technical contradictions; finally, through combining the Altshuller matrix, several invention principles were derived, and innovative design elements were used to evaluate them in turn and filter out the essentials to guide the innovative design of rescue robots. In conclusion, the systematic research and analysis of structural characteristics of the ruins after disasters can effectively guide the innovative design of rescue products and improve the efficiency of innovative design.