The work aims to sort out and summarize the methods and paths of radical innovation, to provide theoretical guidance for realization of subsequent radical innovation. On the basis of consulting relevant literature on radical innovation, the concept and definition of radical innovation were sorted out and defined according to the impact of innovation on the super system. Based on different perspectives, the driving factors and driving mechanisms of radical innovation were discussed. Finally, the identification methods of radical innovation opportunities and the specific generation methods of radical innovation ideas oriented by different goals at different impact levels were studied. It was found that at the macro level, the radical innovation could be promoted by adjusting the driving factors; At the micro level, the realization of radical innovation could be guided by identifying innovation opportunities and establishing systematic innovation methods. The essence of radical innovation is to solve the conflict caused by the lagging development of the current technical system during the development of the super system. With this theory as the core, the research results at the macro and micro levels are integrated and expanded, providing a new path for realization of radical innovation.