During the ongoing public health crisis, raising public awareness of health risks with infographics is a necessary tool. But infographics involve the visual translation of scientific discourses such as data, concepts, and processes, and the public may face issues of legibility and accessibility for information comprehension. The work aims to identify the type of health information and the design of its graphic perception that can improve the effective understanding of risk concepts. With COVID-19 infographic as an example, a focus group study combining community users, experts and designers was conducted based on four typical types of risk communication:risk communication, risk size, risk exposure, and risk aversion. The study yielded five design recommendations, including simplifying information without sacrificing richness of information, providing context for risk background, transformation of numerically scaled figures, image-text perception-concept integration, distinguishing between different levels of health literacy, and careful handling ethical issues of information. Health risk information is urgent and complex. Information design can intervene in advance to understand the information behavior of segmented groups, analyze the information environment, and respond quickly to communication strategies. Relevant conclusions of this work can provide reference for health risk communication practice, and can also expand a new paradigm of information design for interdisciplinary research on health communication.