The work aims to effectively reduce the infection rate of medical staff with personal protection and improve the efficiency of personal protection. Based on the cognitive task analysis method, the task cognition of users in personal protection was analyzed, and the key tasks and the user needs based on the key task cognition were obtained through analysis. Combined with Kano model and "Better-Worse" coefficient analysis method, the user needs were transformed into design requirements, and the design requirements were analyzed and prioritized. According to the key task scenarios of personal protection of medical staff, the appropriate design requirements were extracted, and the product design was carried out by combining user simulation interview data. The usability comparison test was carried out between the designed product and the currently used product, and the effectiveness and usability of the designed product were verified. The personal protection products of medical staff could effectively reduce the error rate and pollution area in the process of personal protection, improve the efficiency and success rate of personal protection tasks, and obtain good user satisfaction. The research method based on cognitive task analysis can accurately capture the key tasks and user needs in personal protection of medical staff, and the design process of personal protection products is reasonable, which can produce products with reasonable, high usability and user satisfaction. At the same time, it can also be used in the design of other epidemic prevention products, providing new ideas for the research of epidemic prevention product design.