In the information society, whether information can be read and cognized becomes the key factor to judge whether an information product is feasible. How to improve the reading speed of users and speed up the efficiency of their cognition of information is the main goal of this study. Firstly, based on the information processing and information selection model, the relationship between information weight and information display structure was examined. Then, the cognitive characteristics of human in the process of information processing were investigated and the influence relationship between the information weight expressed in visual form and human's own cognitive ability in understanding information was explored. Finally, with the flight dynamic electronic screen in the airport information scene as the research object, the search experiment of visual information for passengers of various ages was conducted by altering the display proportion and display order of all sorts of flight information. The average response difference of passengers in two age groups to four different forms of flight information visualization was then examined through correlation analysis, variance analysis, and significant difference method. The age range of the user and the structure of the information presented affected the user's understanding of the information that had been visualized. The principle of improving the visual efficiency of information visualization includes:By changing the visual representation of information, such as the presentation order and display ratio of information, restructuring the mental structure of the information receiver to obtain information, the purpose of speeding up their decision-making can be achieved; and visualization weights are set according to the inherent experience of information receivers to avoid large deviations between the visual structure of information and receivers' cognition.