The work aims to study the design factors and enhancement strategies that affect the cultural vitality of rail transit stations in the context of high-quality urban development from the perspective of users. With Tianjin City as a case study, POI spatial aggregation analysis was used to select four rail transit stations with high cultural vitality as field survey objects, and structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to explore the design factors affecting the cultural vitality of rail transit stations.It was concluded that service facilities, cultural atmosphere, media perception, cultural activities and place connection had significant positive effects on the cultural vitality of the rail transit stations. Among them, service facilities and cultural atmosphere had the strongest effect, followed by media perception, cultural activities and place connection. Based on the research, it can be seen that improving service facilities and focusing on humanistic care, promoting the media space design of the site and enhancing the cultural experience, connecting the above-ground and underground narrative scenes and improving cultural perception will help to enhance the cultural vitality of the rail transit station.