The trend of intelligent combat will correspondingly increase the amount of information and the content of information presentation in the interface of a combat display and control system. In view of the problem that the information structure of the display and control interface will be more complex in the future and the interface of the display and control system with more information needs to be iterated continuously, the work aims to carry out an experimental research from the classification of information structures of display and control interfaces, and design the interface layout of different information structure types for visual search experiments, so as to evaluate cognitive performance. Firstly, a literature analysis was carried out. Relevant results were reviewed from the aspects of cognitive characteristics, interface information structure layout and pilots' cognitive behavior. Eye movement experiments and visual search experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive performance of different interface layouts. The experimental results showed that in the "combat" and "navigation" task scenarios, the "longitudinal task bar" layout was better than the "crosswise main graph" task layout. In the "combat" task, the vertical division of three types of layout forms had better performance. In the "navigation" task, the longitudinal division of two types of layout forms had better performance. For information presentation of complex display and control interfaces, different structure layouts corresponding to the combat tasks might be set to optimize information modules. It plays a certain reference role in the subsequent optimization of information module layout design of combat display and control interfaces.