The work aims to explore the narrative design frame of popular science games for children based on the knowledge division theory and Chatman narrative analysis frame. The existing design problems and causes were analyzed. A design theoretical framework SPGD was constructed; Based on this framework, an RPG popular science game with the theme of "antibiotic resistance" was independently developed and used as a popular science learning material for intervention experiments to ensure that the experimental data could accurately reflected the validity of the theoretical framework. The experimental data showed that the game examples could effectively guide the narrative design practice of popular science games for children and ensure the subjective experience and objective effect of children's popular science learning. The popular science games developed based on the SPGD framework can effectively enhance children's cognitive effect and learning experience of specific popular science knowledge.