In order to provide certain reference for the modern improvement of the frame-saw, and provide theoretical basis for the living protection and sustainable development of traditional Chinese woodworking tools, the work aims to take the traditional saws of China and Japan as the research object, to analyze the relationship and differences between the Chinese frame-saw and the Japanese front-pull saw, single-edged saw and double-edged saw in detail and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of saw design in the two countries. By means of literature survey, case analysis, functional analysis, and comparative analysis, the historical evolution relationship between Chinese and Japanese traditional saws was explained, and the traditional saws of the two countries were systematically compared from the five aspects of saw body structure, tooth structure, operation method and processing performance. According to the comparison results, in terms of the structure of the saw body, China and Japan use "frame-type" and "knife-handle" as the main structural forms respectively. In terms of tooth structure, the wedge angle of the traditional Japanese saw teeth is smaller, and the arrangement has the characteristics of being larger and sparser in the front, smaller and denser in the back. In terms of operation, "push-saw" and "pull-saw" are the mainstream in China and Japan respectively. In terms of saw repair, the traditional frame saw is easier to adjust and repair, while the comprehensive technical requirements of Japanese saw are higher due to the adjustment and repair of the saw body. The frame-saw has high cutting efficiency, but the machining surface accuracy is lower than that of double-edged saw.