From the perspective of the research of design thinking mode in the Song Dynasty and with the relationship of "Perceiving the Reason in the Situation" within the Li-Shi ideology as the research context, the work aims to reveal the development trajectory of society, culture and art in the Song Dynasty and explore the aesthetic design thinking under the traditional thinking in the Song Dynasty by deeply analyzing the evolution of the folding chairs and additionally provide beneficial reference for furniture history research, art history research and cultural heritage protection. Through historical literature research, cultural analysis and comparative research, on the one hand, the evolution process and development trend of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty were combed. With the form, shape, style and components of the folding chairs as the starting point, the shape of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty was studied in detail. On the other hand, from the perspectives of sitting position, etiquette, posture, and craftsmanship, the "Situation" of changes in use, rank, performance, and technique of the folding chairs was analyzed. In an era characterized by the strong autonomous consciousness of literati and scholars, the aesthetic design thinking behind the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty emerges from the amalgamation of the ruling class's ideologies, the aesthetic preferences of the literati class, the practical needs of the citizenry, and the technical skills of craftsmen. These four elements collectively shape the aesthetic creation mindset of the folding chairs in the Song Dynasty, characterized by their emphasis on practicality , expressive symbolism , adherence to philosophical principles , and pursuit of exquisite craftsmanship .