In order to construct a fundamental framework for sustainable development and organic renewal in rural human settlement design, the work aims to uncover responsive design principles and theories of rural human settlement samples under different developmental stages, regional characteristics, and construction themes, summarize the iteration and localization adaptability of rural design under economic, social, and technological influences, and explore cutting-edge models for future rural settlement design.The visual literature analysis approach was used to systematically trace the evolution of sustainable rural settlement design and build a framework of for rural human settlement design system according to the path deduction, element analysis and mode characteristics of sustainable design. Then, the basic principles and technical route of adaptive design of rural human settlements were put forward. The design system of rural human settlements under the iteration of sustainable human settlements construction was built. By analyzing the basic elements of sustainable design, the dynamic mechanism of sustainable design of rural human settlements was analyzed, the basic characteristics of demand side, supply side and bearing side and their linkage relationship were revealed, the four basic principles of sustainable design of rural human settlements were put forward, and the three-point classification and adaptation design ideas were summarized. From the perspective of comprehensive design, the design ideas and technical context in the future rural transformation in China are discussed. According to the background of the times, local characteristics and future scenes, the principle of dynamic adaptability and adaptation is adopted and the sustainable design modes, methods and paths are put forward to provide theoretical combing and practical guidance for design-related researchers, decision makers and practitioners.