The work aims to reduce operational errors and improve the effectiveness of mine rescue operations. Based on the error cognition theory, visual cognitive behaviors associated with different types of information in rescue tasks were analyzed. By examining the four cognitive processing stages, error factors specific to mine rescue scenarios were identified. Error factor cognitive simulation experiments were conducted with AR interactive information in mine rescue settings to determine the design elements that were particularly influential for AR helmet interfaces in these scenarios. Based on the experimental results, information design for the AR helmet interface is developed to output the preliminary interactive design scheme, so as to reduce cognitive difficulty, enhance response speed and accuracy, and ensure that the system effectively lowers the task failure rate.