The work aims to better align the artistic innovation of Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year paintings with modern aesthetic needs and promote the wider use of culture. Starting from the perspective of "cultural genes" and taking "reverse thinking of biological genes" as the path, this study first delved into the morphological factors of the characters in Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year paintings. Secondly, the dominant and recessive genes of New Year painting art were extracted and analyzed through the principles of gene recognition at the vertical temporal and horizontal spatial levels. Finally, based on the design elements of "people, objects, and places", a logic was constructed, and core design elements were selected from the artistic and cultural genes of woodblock New Year paintings in Zhuxian Town through research on different groups. By combining the design elements of "form" and "spirit" in the explicit and implicit genes of Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year painting art, and combining traditional art practice with VI design, the exhibition became a carrier of innovation and cultural inheritance in New Year painting art. The innovative design of Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year paintings from the perspective of cultural genes promotes the revitalization of traditional culture, plays the role and value of integrating folk art into modern art, and makes the two organically integrated and developed together.