The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has not only driven industry transformation in the realms of human-AI interaction and industrial design, but also sparked significant academic interest. The work aims to explore the dynamic collaboration between AI and human designers in the context of innovative design, examining the impact and transformations brought about by human-AI collaborative design from multiple dimensions and delve into how this interaction is shaping the future of design and design education. The intelligent evolution of product design and the transformation of design tools and methodologies enabled by AI were studied through literature reviews, logical analysis, and case studies. Then, the opportunities, challenges, and growth potential presented by AI in human-AI collaborative design processes were analyzed. Finally, the shifting roles and evolving knowledge attributes of future designers influenced by AI were prospected and the emerging priorities for design education in this new era were analyzed. New paradigms of AI-driven collaborative innovation are summarized by focusing on the interplay and symbiotic relationship between AI and human designers in collaborative design. It is also pointed that future designers need to adapt to new roles, evolving from single creators to multi-dimensional contributors, thereby promoting design innovation in the era of human-AI symbiosis.