The maritime operating environment is complex and dynamic, often featuring ship equipment with overlapping functionalities. Traditional operating systems prioritize functional coverage while overlooking user experience, resulting in low interaction efficiency and suboptimal operation performance. Based on the optimization design of the main interface of a marine operating system, the work aims to discuss the rationality of icon size, dividing line between icons and interface layout, so as to improve operation efficiency and user experience. The eye tracking technology combined with physiological metrics, and task performance evaluation was employed to analyze the four key indicators of fixation count, fixation duration, task completion time, and accuracy through a quantitative experimental approach. Additionally, user interviews and participant observations were conducted to systematically assess the interface layout, the application of dividing lines, and the icon size design in the marine operating system. Different interface layouts significantly influenced user experience. Introducing dividing lines between icons to delineate interaction boundaries enhanced human-computer interaction. Regarding the physical devices in the system, placing interactive areas too close to the screen edge should be avoided. Furthermore, an icon size of approximately 10 mm significantly improved touch interaction efficiency. The proposed optimization recommendations provide valuable insights for enhancing human-computer interaction in touch-based interfaces, particularly in marine operating systems, contributing to the theoretical advancement of user interface design in complex environments.