The work aims to investigate the visual search process of human-computer interface (HCI) in aircraft cockpit under vibration environment and improve the efficiency of human-computer interaction. The visual search process of pilots was investigated by simulating the vibration environment in an aircraft cockpit, and the eye tracking, performance tests and subjective scales were adopted to evaluate the effect of different vibration frequencies and interface complexity on visual processing. Both vibration frequency and interface complexity significantly affected participants' visual cognition performance. Compared with the conditions of no vibration and low vibration frequency, the data on interface eye movements and search performance for complex or simple tasks at high vibration frequency were significantly correlated. Under the high vibration frequency interface search task, participants had larger pupil diameters and longer first gaze time and search time. The conditions of no vibration and low vibration frequency did not significantly affect participants' visual cognition performance, i.e., the data on participants' pupil diameters and first gaze time were not significant. In the vibration environment, participants' visual searches were more biased towards the left region of the interface. The study provides a scientific theoretical basis for the optimal design of human-computer display interfaces in vibration environment.