The work aims to provide new perspectives and strategic suggestions for the innovation path of design thinking in the era of artificial intelligence, so as to meet the challenges and opportunities of this era. From the perspective of uncertainty to certainty, design thinking was regarded as a whole product including materials, forms, production methods and functions, and the structures of traditional design thinking and human-machine collaborative design thinking were summarized and compared through literature research. On this basis, the innovative mode of designers, the treatment of uncertainty, the design materials and tools, and the transformation of designers' roles in the era of artificial intelligence were explored. The structure of traditional design thinking was more for a kind of "monologue" innovation, while the structure of human-machine collaborative design thinking emphasized "dialogue" innovation and constructed the paradigm of this mode. Under the background of artificial intelligence era, designers need to pay more attention to the uncertainty brought by technology, use large language model to expand the boundary between themselves and human-machine collaboration and build a design language that can be co-created with machines to realize "dialogue" innovation.