A Research Review on Service Design in Urban Parks and Green Spaces abroad Based on Multidimensional Scaling

CHU Dongxiao; ZHANG Yong; WANG Kang

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.001

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 1-13. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.001

Industrial Design

A Research Review on Service Design in Urban Parks and Green Spaces abroad Based on Multidimensional Scaling

CHU Dongxiao^a,b, ZHANG Yong^a, WANG Kang^a,*

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Abstract

The work aims to understand the research hotspots and trends of service design in urban parks and green spaces internationally, to provide theoretical guidance and suggestions for improving the service quality of urban parks and green spaces in China through service design intervention. A systematic search was conducted on relevant literature of parks and green spaces as well as service design in six databases of Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, Ebsco, ScienceDirect, and Ei Compendex. BICOMB was used to conduct key word frequency statistics and construct a word-document matrix and co-occurrence matrix. SPSS was employed for key word clustering to identify research hotspots. Furthermore, multidimensional scaling analysis was conducted to understand the relationships between hotspots, identify potential nodes, and explore future development trends. A total of 360 relevant articles were retrieved. The systematic clustering results revealed that the research on service design for urban parks and green spaces internationally focused on four major hotspots of environmental protection and social benefits of parks and green spaces, user- experience-centered service design theory and application, inclusivity and equity of parks and green spaces from a multi-stakeholder perspective, and sustainable environmental co-creation involving stakeholders. The results of multidimensional scaling analysis showed that these four topics were at different research stages and positions. In the future, the service design research of parks and green spaces should be committed to promoting the symbiosis of ecosystem services and benefits, boosting the theoretical top-level design and practical exploration of service design, strengthening the fairness assessment and collaborative design system, and deepening the interdisciplinary integration and digital technology intervention.

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parks and green spaces / service design / clustering analysis / multidimensional scaling analysis

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CHU Dongxiao, ZHANG Yong, WANG Kang. A Research Review on Service Design in Urban Parks and Green Spaces abroad Based on Multidimensional Scaling[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(2): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.001

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