Interaction Design Elements Influencing Flow Experience in Immersive Exhibitions

WANG Tengge; HAN Haiyan; LI Zhuang; ZHANG Jingjing

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.010

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 102-115. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.010

Industrial Design

Interaction Design Elements Influencing Flow Experience in Immersive Exhibitions

WANG Tengge^1,2, HAN Haiyan^1,2,*, LI Zhuang^1,2, ZHANG Jingjing^1,3

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Abstract

The work aims to explore the key interaction design elements that affect the flow experience in immersive exhibitions and reveal their intrinsic influence mechanisms, with the goal of providing a theoretical model and empirical evidence for optimizing exhibition design and enhancing the audience's immersive experience. Firstly, the grounded theory was used to qualitatively code online review data to identify nine interaction design elements affecting the flow experience. Secondly, a theoretical model of the elements' impact on the flow experience was constructed, and hypotheses were proposed in conjunction with the flow theory framework. Finally, 385 valid questionnaire samples were collected, and a structural equation model (SEM) was used to empirically test the theoretical model. The grounded theory analysis condensed 9 interaction design elements in three dimensions: perception trigger layer, dynamic participation layer, and emotional reinforcement layer. The verification results of the structural equation model indicated that six elements, namely multi-sensory collaboration, interactive technology, environmental atmosphere, immersive narrative, behavioral participation, and sense of presence, had a significant positive impact on flow precursors (P<0.05), and could indirectly affect flow outcomes through flow precursors. Among them, the impact of interactive technology (β=0.216) and sense of presence (β=0.208) was the most significant. In conclusion, a path model of the impact of interactive design elements on flow experience in immersive exhibitions is constructed and validated. Research shows that optimizing key interaction designs at the perception, engagement, and emotional levels can effectively trigger flow precursors in the audience, thereby enhancing the overall immersive experience.

Key words

immersive exhibition / flow theory / grounded theory / structural equation model (SEM) / user research

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WANG Tengge, HAN Haiyan, LI Zhuang, ZHANG Jingjing. Interaction Design Elements Influencing Flow Experience in Immersive Exhibitions[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(2): 102-115 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.02.010

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