Research Review on Smart Product Service System Design from the Perspective of Embodied Intelligence

CHU Dongxiao; WANG Kang; LUO Li

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.030

PDF(1111 KB)

Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 351-362. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.030

Design Discussion

Research Review on Smart Product Service System Design from the Perspective of Embodied Intelligence

CHU Dongxiao^a,b, WANG Kang^a, LUO Li^a,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to introduce embodied intelligence into product service system design, shift from single product thinking to systemic service thinking, and build a new ecology of smart product service system (SPSS) development with technology-driven intelligent service robots as the core. Quantification theory III was employed to organize the literature on embodied intelligence and a planar distribution map was obtained by visualizing the extracted key words in a scatter plot. Furthermore, key word groups were classified through cluster analysis, and themes were identified to analyze the current development status of embodied intelligence's intervention in product service system design. Finally, combined with the development status and existing pattern of embodied intelligence, the new research growth point after the intervention of embodied intelligence in product service system design was proposed and expounded. The existing theoretical research and practical exploration in the field of embodied intelligence technology and its application in product service system design showed a pattern of production, learning, research and application, indicating a development trend from the construction of theoretical paradigm to the expansion of practical fields, from single-disciplinary vertical breakthrough to multidisciplinary cross-integration, and from single product development to product service system and smart product service system design. In the face of increasingly complex social needs, the smart product service system (SPSS), as a systemic solution integrating product and service elements under the service-oriented logic paradigm, will become an important part of future design and development. As far as design is concerned, comprehensive literacy-oriented in-depth design education, ethical and safety-oriented embodied intelligent system development, and natural and intuitive multi-modal human-computer interaction are becoming the focus in the innovative design of smart product service systems.

Key words

embodied intelligence / smart product service system (SPSS) / smart design / product service system (PSS) / quantification theory Ⅲ

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

CHU Dongxiao, WANG Kang, LUO Li. Research Review on Smart Product Service System Design from the Perspective of Embodied Intelligence[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(4): 351-362 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.030

References

[1] WIRTZ J, FRITZE M P, JAAKKOLA E, et al.Service products and productization[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2021, 137: 411-21.
[2] 楚东晓, 为服务而设计(D4S): 范式转换下的设计新维度, 中国建筑工业出版社, 2022.
CHU D X.Design for Service (D4S): New Dimensions of Design under Paradigm Shift. China Architecture & Building Press, 2022
[3] 楚东晓. 服务设计研究中的几个关键问题分析[J]. 包装工程, 2015, 36(16): 111-116. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2015.16.030.
CHU D X.Analysis of Key Issues in Service Design Research[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2015, 36(16): 111-116. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2015.16.030.
[4] 楚东晓, 楚雪曼, 彭玉洁. 从“造物之美”到“造义之变”的服务产品设计研究[J]. 包装工程, 2017, 38(10): 37-41. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2017.10.011.
CHU D X, CHU X M, PENG Y J.Research on Service Product Design from "Shape-based" to "Meaning-based"[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2017, 38(10): 37-41. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2017.10.011.
[5] 黄喆, 王选政, 李杰. 人工智能与生成:计算机介入产品设计[J]. 设计, 2024, 37(09): 77-80. DOI: 10.20055/j.Cnki.1003-0069.001734.
HUANG Z, WANG X Z, LI J.Artificial Intelligence and Generation: Computer Intervention in Product Design[J]. Design, 2024, 37(09): 77-80. DOI: 10.20055/j.cnki.1003-0069.001734.
[6] 罗仕鉴, 龚何波, 林伟. 智能产品交互设计研究现状与进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(11): 1-15. Luo S J, Gong H B, Lin W. Research Status and Progress of Interaction Design for Intelligent Products[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(11): 1-15.
[7] BROOKS R A. Artificial Life and Real Robots, F, 1992[C].
[8] RAMAMURTHY U, BAARS B J, D 'MELLO S K, et al. LIDA: A Working Model of Cognition, F, 2006[C].
[9] FAGHIHI U, FRANKLIN S.The LIDA Model as a Foundational Architecture for AGI[M]//WANG P, GOERTZEL B. Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence. Paris; Atlantis Press. 2012: 103-21.
[10] MANZOTTI R.Embodied AI beyond Embodied Cognition and Enactivism[J]. PHILOSOPHIES, 2019, 4(3).
[11] TURING A M.Computing Machinery and Intelligence[M]//EPSTEIN R, ROBERTS G, BEBER G. Parsing the Turing Test: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer. Dordrecht; Springer Netherlands. 2009: 23-65.
[12] VARELA F J, THOMPSON E, ROSCH E. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, F, 1993[C].
[13] BROOKS R.A robust layered control system for a mobile robot[J]. IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation, 1986, 2(1): 14-23.
[14] ZIEMKE T.Embodied AI as science: Models of embodied cognition, embodied models of cognition, or both?[M]//IIDA F, PFEIFER R, STEELS L, et al. EMBODIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 2004: 27-36.
[15] GERMANN D P, SCHATZ W, HOTZ P E.Artificial Bivalves - The Biomimetics of Underwater Burrowing[Z]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND EUROPEAN FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION 2011 (FET 11). 2011: 169-72.10.1016/j. procs. 2011. 09. 012
[16] TSCHACHER W, SCHEIER C.Embodied cognitive science: Concepts, methods and implications for psychology[Z]. INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO NATURAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS. 2001: 551-67
[17] DUAN J F, YU S, TAN H L, et al.A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Tasks[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, 2022, 6(2): 230-44.
[18] ZHAO Z K, WU Q X, WANG J, et al.Exploring Embodied Intelligence in Soft Robotics: A Review[J]. BIOMIMETICS, 2024, 9(4).
[19] AL-HALAH Z, RAMAKRISHNAN S K, GRAUMAN K.Zero Experience Required: Plug & Play Modular Transfer Learning for Semantic Visual Navigation[J]. 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022: 17010-20.
[20] CHAPLOT D S, GANDHI D, GUPTA A K, et al. Object Goal Navigation using Goal-Oriented Semantic Exploration[J]. ArXiv, 2020, abs/2007. 00643.
[21] HUANG W, ABBEEL P, PATHAK D, et al. Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agents[J]. ArXiv, 2022, abs/2201. 07207.
[22] DRIESS D, XIA F, SAJJADI M S M,et al. PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model; proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, F,2023[C].
[23] YU W, GILEADI N, FU C, et al. Language to Rewards for Robotic Skill Synthesis[J]. ArXiv, 2023, abs/2306. 08647.
[24] BROHAN A, BROWN N, CARBAJAL J, et al. RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control[J]. ArXiv, 2023, abs/2307. 15818.
[25] SAVVA M, KADIAN A, MAKSYMETS O, et al.Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Research[Z]. 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION (ICCV 2019). 2019: 9338-46. 10. 1109/ICCV. 2019. 00943
[26] SANG H, JIANG R, WANG Z, et al.Scene Augmentation Methods for Interactive Embodied AI Tasks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2023, 72: 1-11.
[27] CAñAMERO L, LEWIS M. Making New "New AI" Friends: Designing a Social Robot for Diabetic Children from an Embodied AI Perspective[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ROBOTICS, 2016, 8(4): 523-37.
[28] SINHA T, MALHOTRA S.Embodied Agents to Scaffold Data Science Education, Cham, F, 2022[C]. Springer International Publishing.
[29] DRIESS D, XIA F, SAJJADI M S M, et al. PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2023: arXiv: 2303. 03378.
[30] CHEN C, JAIN U, SCHISSLER C, et al.SoundSpaces: Audio-Visual Navigation in 3D Environments[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2019: arXiv: 1912. 11474.
[31] GAN C, ZHANG Y, WU J,et al. Look, Listen, and Act: Towards Audio-Visual Embodied Navigation; proceedings of the2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), F 31 May-31 Aug. 2020, 2020[C].
[32] DUAN J, YU S, LI TAN H, et al.A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Tasks[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2021: arXiv: 2103. 04918.
[33] HUANG W, WANG C, ZHANG R, et al. VoxPoser: Composable 3D Value Maps for Robotic Manipulation with Language Models[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2023: arXiv: 2307. 05973.
[34] ROY N, POSNER I, BARFOOT T, et al.From Machine Learning to Robotics: Challenges and Opportunities for Embodied Intelligence[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2021: arXiv: 2110. 15245.
[35] NYGAARD T F, MARTIN C P, TORRESEN J, et al.Real-world embodied AI through a morphologically adaptive quadruped robot[J]. NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, 2021, 3(5).
[36] AL-HALAH Z, RAMAKRISHNAN S K, GRAUMAN K. Zero Experience Required: Plug & Play Modular Transfer Learning for Semantic Visual Navigation[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2022: arXiv: 2202. 02440.
[37] MAJUMDAR A, SHRIVASTAVA A, LEE S, et al.Improving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Image-Text Pairs from the Web; proceedings of the Computer Vision - ECCV 2020, Cham, F 2020//, 2020[C]. Springer International Publishing.
[38] MU Y, ZHANG Q, HU M, et al. EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thought[J]. arXiv e-prints, 2023: arXiv: 2305. 15021.
[39] HOYER W D, KROSCHKE M, SCHMITT B, et al.Transforming the Customer Experience through New Technologies[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 2020, 51(1): 57-71.
[40] HUANG M H, RUST R T.A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing[J]. JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE, 2021, 49(1): 30-50.
[41] DAVIS J U, ANDERSON F, STROETZEL M, et al. Designing Co-Creative AI for Virtual Environments[Z]. C&C'21: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH CONFERENCE ON CREATIVITY AND COGNITION.2021. 10. 1145/3450741.3465260
[42] MARGETIS G, APOSTOLAKIS K C, NTOA S, et al.X-Reality Museums: Unifying the Virtual and Real World Towards Realistic Virtual Museums[J]. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, 2021, 11(1).
[43] MINGOTTO E, MONTAGUTI F, TAMMA M.Challenges in re-designing operations and jobs to embody AI and robotics in services. Findings from a case in the hospitality industry[J]. ELECTRONIC MARKETS, 2021, 31(3): 493-510.
[44] APHIRAKMETHAWONG J, YANG E, MEHNEN J. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Product Design for Smart Manufacturing; proceedings of the2022 27th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), F 1-3 Sept. 2022, 2022[C].
[45] PEREIRA PESSôA M V, JAUREGUI BECKER J M. Smart design engineering: a literature review of the impact of the 4th industrial revolution on product design and development[J]. Research in Engineering Design, 2020, 31(2): 175-95.
[46] WANG X, YIN N, ZHANG Z.Smart design of intelligent companion toys for preschool children[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2021, 35(2): 151-64.
[47] SHIN H, BUNOSSO I, LEVINE L R.The influence of chatbot humour on consumer evaluations of services[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, 2023, 47(2): 545-62.
[48] SEABORN K, MIYAKE N P, PENNEFATHER P, et al.Voice in Human-Agent Interaction: A Survey[J]. ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS, 2021, 54(4).
[49] FISKE A, HENNINGSEN P, BUYX A.Your Robot Therapist Will See You Now: Ethical Implications of Embodied Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2019, 21(5): e13216.
[50] LUPETTI M L, HAGENS E, VAN DER MADEN W, et al. Trustworthy Embodied Conversational Agents for Healthcare A Design Exploration of Embodied Conversational Agents for the periconception period at Erasmus MC[Z]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERSATIONAL USER INTERFACES, CUI2023. 2023. 10. 1145/3571884. 3597128
[51] QUAN S J, PARK J, ECONOMOU A, et al.Artificial intelligence-aided design: Smart Design for sustainable city development[J]. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE, 2019, 46(8): 1581-99.
[52] ULLAH Z, AL-TURJMAN F, MOSTARDA L, et al.Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning in smart cities[J]. COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, 2020, 154: 313-23.
[53] WU J, ANTONOVA R, KAN A, et al.TidyBot: personalized robot assistance with large language models[J]. AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS, 2023, 47(8): 1087-102.
[54] SINGH A, MADAAN G, HR S, et al.Smart manufacturing systems: a futuristics roadmap towards application of industry 4.0 technologies[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, 2023, 36(3): 411-28.
[55] TAO F, SUI F, LIU A, et al.Digital twin-driven product design framework[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2019, 57: 3935-53.
[56] WU L, LENG J, JU B. Digital Twins-Based Smart Design and Control of Ultra-Precision Machining: A Review[J/OL]2021, 13(9): 10. 3390/sym13091717
[57] SMITH J, & JOHNSON, A. Ethical Considerations for the Implementation of Embodied Intelligence in Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Ethics, 2023.
[58] WINFIELD A F, MICHAEL K, PITT J, et al.Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems[Scanning the Issue][J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2019, 107(3): 509-17.
[59] KIM S J, BACOS C A.Wearable stories for children: embodied learning through pretend and physical play[J]. INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS, 2023, 31(1): 129-41.
[60] YANG W P, HU X Y, YETER I H, et al.Artificial intelligence education for young children: A case study of technology-enhanced embodied learning[J]. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING, 2024, 40(2): 465-77.
[61] PATARANUTAPORN P, DANRY V, LEONG J, et al.AI-generated characters for supporting personalized learning and well-being[J]. NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, 2021, 3(12): 1013-22.
[62] DAI Y, LIN Z Y, LIU A, et al.An embodied, analogical and disruptive approach of AI pedagogy in upper elementary education: An experimental study[J]. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, 2024, 55(1).
[63] CALVERT S L, PUTNAM M M, AGUIAR N R, et al.Young Children's Mathematical Learning From Intelligent Characters[J]. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 2020, 91(5): 1491-508.
[64] ZHENG P, WANG Z, CHEN C-H, et al.A survey of smart product-service systems: Key aspects, challenges and future perspectives[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2019, 42: 100973.