Design of Public Facilities in Red Cultural Blocks Based on the CMF-SD Method

ZHOU Zhou; YI Xiduo; ZHANG Zhipeng

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.08.031

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8) : 376-385. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.08.031

Design Discussion

Design of Public Facilities in Red Cultural Blocks Based on the CMF-SD Method

ZHOU Zhou^1,2, YI Xiduo^1*, ZHANG Zhipeng¹

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Abstract

The work aims to explore the visual perception imagery of materials used in public facilities within red cultural blocks, to identify materials that integrate both cultural symbolism and a sense of everyday life and discover new design approaches for expressing red cultural imagery. Wood, metal, and brick-stone materials commonly used in red cultural spaces and facilities were selected as research objects. A CMF (Color-Material-Finish) classification framework was firstly established, and representative samples were produced. Through literature analysis and expert consultation, perceptual evaluation dimensions were determined. The Semantic Differential (SD) method was then used to collect public perceptual data, from which two principal factors, culturality and livability, were extracted via factor analysis. Finally, hierarchical and K-means cluster analyses were employed to categorize the materials into four perceptual clusters. Materials in Category 1 exhibited strong red cultural attributes but weak livability, suitable for local accent decorations or culturally concentrated nodes. Materials in Category 2 combined both cultural and livable characteristics, and should be widely applied to define the overall cultural imagery of facilities and blocks. Materials in Category 3 showed weak cultural and livability attributes and should be used with caution. Materials in Category 4 presented high livability but low cultural symbolism, and might be used in small quantities. Among the four material types, Category 2 demonstrates the strongest visual perception preference for public facilities in red cultural blocks. The CMF-based analysis clarifies the visual characteristics and public perception preferences of materials, providing both a theoretical and practical reference for the design of red cultural public facilities and offering new perspectives for creating red cultural spatial imagery.

Key words

red cultural blocks / public facility materials / Semantic Differential (SD) / Color-Material-Finish (CMF)

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ZHOU Zhou, YI Xiduo, ZHANG Zhipeng. Design of Public Facilities in Red Cultural Blocks Based on the CMF-SD Method[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(8): 376-385 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.08.031

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