Theoretical Evolution and Design Application of Human-Machine Trust in Special Vehicle Intelligent Systems

LI Xinyan; CHENG Sijin; MA Siran; ZHANG Yijing; MAO Ming

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.001

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12) : 1-9. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.001

Special Subject: Innovation of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems for High-end Vehicle Equipment

Theoretical Evolution and Design Application of Human-Machine Trust in Special Vehicle Intelligent Systems

LI Xinyan¹, CHENG Sijin¹, MA Siran¹, ZHANG Yijing², MAO Ming^1,*

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Abstract

Human-machine trust is a core enabler for efficient human-machine collaborative operations. The work aims to construct a human-machine trust theory and engineering framework tailored to intelligent operations of special vehicles, enabling dynamic regulation of human-machine trust and efficient collaboration and supporting the transformation and upgrading of human-machine interaction modes. Firstly, the human-machine trust expectation model, dynamic processes, and three-level foundational theories were systematically reviewed to explore the applicability and practical value of classical trust theories in typical operation scenarios of special vehicles. Secondly, the limitations of traditional one-way trust research were broken through to establish the equal dual-subject status of operators and intelligent systems, and construct a virtual-reality integrated human-machine mutual trust model. Finally, combined with the OODA loop logic, progressive trust stages and trust levels were divided to develop a dynamically calibrated closed-loop trust system. A virtual-reality integrated human-machine mutual trust model was constructed, including four sequential stages of trust tendency, initial trust, real-time trust, and post-operation trust. For real-time trust, the bidirectional interaction loops (human-to-machine and machine-to-human) based on the OODA loop were analyzed, forming a dynamically evolving, real-time iteratively calibrated human-machine trust closed-loop theory. The work establishes a human-machine mutual trust theoretical system, which provides solid theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the optimized design of human-machine interaction, improvement of collaborative operational efficiency, and dynamic trust regulation in intelligent systems of special vehicles, effectively promoting the transformation and upgrading of the human-machine collaboration mechanism of special vehicles from the traditional master-slave control mode to a modern equal partnership collaboration mode.

Key words

special vehicle / human-machine mutual trust / trust calibration / design application

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LI Xinyan, CHENG Sijin, MA Siran, ZHANG Yijing, MAO Ming. Theoretical Evolution and Design Application of Human-Machine Trust in Special Vehicle Intelligent Systems[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(12): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.12.001

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