Trade-off Mechanism between Visual Comfort and Attention in Aviation Human-machine Interfaces Based on Color Change Rate

JU Jiaqi; SHI Tingting; SI Yi; SHI Zhengguang

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.005

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (14) : 49-57. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.005

Special subject: Innovation in Human Factors Engineering andIndustrial Design for Aviation Equipment

Trade-off Mechanism between Visual Comfort and Attention in Aviation Human-machine Interfaces Based on Color Change Rate

JU Jiaqi^a, SHI Tingting^a, SI Yi^a, SHI Zhengguang^a,b,*

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Abstract

The work aims to investigate the influence mechanism of dynamic color change rate (D_y) on visual comfort and attention in aviation human-machine interfaces, with the aim of identifying an appropriate control range. From a human factors perspective, typical visual structures of aviation interfaces were parametrically abstracted and reconstructed. Under a consistent spatial layout, color variation characteristics were systematically manipulated to generate dynamic visual stimuli with differing features. A total of 40 participants were recruited to conduct subjective evaluation experiments in a standardized environment. The color change rate (D_y) was quantified using an image difference method based on OpenCV, while subjective ratings of visual comfort and attention were collected using a Likert scale. The results indicated that D_y was significantly negatively correlated with visual comfort and positively correlated with attention, revealing a typical "stimulation-load" dual-effect mechanism. Regression analysis showed that the two perceptual responses reached a theoretical equilibrium at D_y≈35. Considering confidence intervals and score distributions, when D_ywas within the range of 35-45, both visual comfort and attention remained at relatively high levels, suggesting a stable perceptual balance. Overall, the dynamic color change rate exerts a significant bidirectional regulatory effect on visual perception, with its influence extending from a theoretical equilibrium point to a stable interval. It is therefore recommended that D_y be controlled within the range of 35-45 as an optimal design interval for dynamic visual systems, providing a quantitative human factors basis for balancing visual comfort and attention in aviation display interface design.

Key words

aviation human factors / human-machine interface / dynamic visual / color change rate / visual comfort / attention

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JU Jiaqi, SHI Tingting, SI Yi, SHI Zhengguang. Trade-off Mechanism between Visual Comfort and Attention in Aviation Human-machine Interfaces Based on Color Change Rate[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(14): 49-57 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.005

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