Simulation Optimization and Validation of Emergency Transport Stretchers for Staircase Descent in Old Residential Communities

LI Bo; FAN Murui; HUANG Junhao; QIN Xudong

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.019

PDF(1269 KB)

Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (14) : 217-226. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.019

Simulation Optimization and Validation of Emergency Transport Stretchers for Staircase Descent in Old Residential Communities

LI Bo, FAN Murui^*, HUANG Junhao, QIN Xudong

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to propose an ergonomic optimization approach for stretcher design based on Jack simulation to reduce the risk of human error during staircase descent operations in old residential communities and enhance the ergonomics of emergency transport stretcher design. Firstly, a virtual transport scenario was constructed for Jack simulation to identify poor ergonomic factors during two-person collaborative operations, and clarify optimization directions. Secondly, based on simulation results of the virtual subjects' working postures, lumbar spine pressure, field of view, and stretcher spatial accessibility, structural and ergonomic improvements were implemented. Finally, dual validation was achieved through iterative simulation assessment on the Jack platform and user satisfaction evaluation of the optimized design. Verified data indicated that the OWAS posture risk scores for both transporters decreased by 43.2% and 69.5%, respectively. The pressure indices at the L4-L5 lumbar vertebrae decreased by 39.6% and 48.5%, respectively. The optimized design significantly increased the transporters' field of view. The minimum turning radius of the transport stretcher decreased by 43.1%. The optimized solution meets the operational requirements for transporting patients down stairs in old residential communities. This validation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach and provides a reference for human-machine interface studies of emergency equipment in other specialized scenarios.

Key words

old residential communities / staircase descent / Jack / working posture / emergency transport stretcher

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

LI Bo, FAN Murui, HUANG Junhao, QIN Xudong. Simulation Optimization and Validation of Emergency Transport Stretchers for Staircase Descent in Old Residential Communities[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(14): 217-226 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.14.019

References

[1] 禤其桂, 谢家能, 赵权宗等. 院前急救与院内救治衔接的研究现状[J]. 蛇志, 2020, 32(02): 234-236.
XUAN Q G, XIE J N, ZHAO Q Z, et al.Current Status of Research on the Interface between Pre-hospital Emergency Care and In-hospital Treatment[J]. Journal of Snake, 2020, 32(02): 234-236.
[2] 刘佳馨, 段紫薇, 朱志娟, 等. 地震救援担架创新设计[J]. 包装工程, 2019, 40(10): 227-231.
LIU J X, DUAN Z W, ZHU Z J, et al.Innovative Design of Earthquake Relief Stretcher[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2019, 40(10): 227-231.
[3] 杨帆, 李然. 融合TRIZ理论和FBS模型的担架车创新设计[J]. 包装工程, 2023, 44(18): 147-154.
YANG F, LI R.Innovative Design of Stretcher Trolley by Integrating TRIZ Theory and FBS Model[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2023, 44(18): 147-154.
[4] KUMAR P A, HANTHINI J, KARTHIK S, et al.Design and Fabrication of Pneumatically Operated Wheelchair convertible Ambulated Stretcher[C]// Proceedings of the International Conference on Soft-computing and Network Security(ICSNS). Coimbatore: ICSNS, 2018: 1-4.
[5] 李佳慧. 基于人机工程学的洪灾救援担架设计研究[D]. 沈阳: 鲁迅美术学院, 2022.
LI J H.Research on the Design of Flood Rescue Stretcher Based on Ergonomics[D]. Shenyang: Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, 2022.
[6] 李博, 秦旭东, 宋嘉明. 基于sEMG的双人协作转运患者下楼场景肌肉疲劳实验研究[J]. 人类工效学, 2024, 30(05): 58-65.
LI B, QIN X D, SONG J M.Research on Muscle Fatigue Experiment in the Scene of Patients for Emergency Transport Going Downstairs by 'Two Persons Based on sEMG[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2024, 30(05): 58-65.
[7] 李晓英, 唐凡, 谢逸飞. 基于Jack仿真的手术转移床人机工程设计[J]. 机械设计, 2020, 37(05): 130-133.
LI X Y, TANG F, XIE Y F.Ergonomic Design of Surgical Transfer Bed Based on Jack Simulation[J]. Mechanical Design, 2020, 37(05): 130-133.
[8] ARMSTRONG D P, FERRON R, TAYLOR C, et al.Implementing Powered Stretcher and Load Systems was a Cost Effective Intervention to Reduce the Incidence Rates of Stretcher Related Injuries in a Paramedic Service[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2020, 62: 34-42.
[9] 国务院办公厅. 国务院办公厅关于全面推进城镇老旧小区改造工作的指导意见[EB/OL]. (2021-05-11) [2025-08-28]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/ 2020-07/20/content_5528320.htm.
General Office of the State Council. Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Renovation of Urban Old Residential Areas[EB/OL]. (2021-05-11)[2025-08-28]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-07/20/content_5528320. htm.
[10] 钮建伟, 张乐. Jack人因工程基础及应用实例[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2012.
NIU J W, ZHANG L.Jack Human Factors Engineering Foundation and Application Examples[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2012.
[11] 全国人类工效学标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 7). 中国成年人人体尺寸: GB/T 10000-2023[S]. 中国标准出版社, 2023.
National Technical Committee on Human Factors and Ergonomics Standardization(SAC/TC 7). Chinese Adult Body Dimensions: GB/T 10000-2023[S]. China Standards Press, 2023.
[12] 胡海滔. 老年人的人体测量[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2005.
HU H T.Anthropometry of the Elderly[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2005.
[13] KARHU O, KANSI P, KUORINKA I.Correcting WorkingPosturesin Industry: A Practical Method for Analysis[J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1997, 8(4): 199-201.
[14] 潘静, 初建杰, 闫妍, 等. 基于JACK的空间站实验舱内工作姿势的工效学分析[J]. 电子设计工程, 2015, 23(5): 34-36.
PAN J, CHU J J, YAN Y, et al.Ergonomic Analysis of Working Posture in the Experimental Cabin of the Space Station Based on JACK[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2015, 23(5): 34-36.
[15] 孙瑜, 孙林辉, 袁晓芳, 等. 基于OWAS方法的选煤厂工人肌肉骨骼损伤分析[J]. 工业工程, 2015, 18(6): 32-36.
SUN Y, SUN L H, YUAN X F, et al.An Analysis of the Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Workers in Coal Preparation Plant Based on OWAS Method[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2015, 18(6): 32-36.
[16] 赵芳华, 孙惠东, 关玉明. 基于JACK虚拟仿真分析的介助老人护理床人机工程学设计[J]. 包装工程, 2020, 41(24): 30-39.
ZHAO F H, SUN H D, GUAN Y M.Ergonomic Design of Intermediate Elderly Care Bed Based on JACK virtual simulation analysis[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2020, 41(24): 30-39.
[17] ZHANG Y B, WU X, GAO J Q, et al.Simulation and Ergonomic Evaluation of Welders' Standing Posture Using Jack Software[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(22): 4354.
[18] 马晶俊, 黄河. 基于OWAS和RULA法对电商物流自提点手工作业的风险分析[J]. 人类工效学, 2018, 24(3): 49-56.
MA J J, HUANG H.Application of OWAS and RULA in Evaluation of Workers' Manual Handling Risks in An Attended Pick-up Warehouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2018, 24(3): 49-56.