Trusted Ergonomic Evaluation Based on Digital Standard Humans in Complex Equipment Scenarios

ZHAO Yanlin; WANG Zhihu; ZHANG Yating; ZHAO Furui; ZHANG Xin; ZHAO Jing; NIU Jianwei

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.005

PDF(992 KB)

Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (16) : 52-64. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.005

Special subject: Key Technologies and Applications of Digital Humans in Complex-Equipment Scenarios

Trusted Ergonomic Evaluation Based on Digital Standard Humans in Complex Equipment Scenarios

ZHAO Yanlin¹, WANG Zhihu¹, ZHANG Yating¹, ZHAO Furui¹, ZHANG Xin², ZHAO Jing², NIU Jianwei^1,*

Author information +

History +

Abstract

The work aims to propose an ergonomic evaluation method integrating uncertainty propagation and credibility representation to address the reliance of digital standard humans based ergonomic evaluation on deterministic inputs and its limited ability to represent conclusion stability and threshold-crossing risks. With a de-identified complex equipment control panel as the demonstration case, an evaluation system comprising reachability, postural comfort, visual adaptability, and operating-space adaptability was established, with human, posture, equipment-structure, and evaluation-threshold parameters treated as uncertain inputs. Assuming independent input variables, 1 000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to obtain score distributions, 95% quantile intervals, and probabilities of falling below the threshold. A credibility index was then constructed from three complementary components: grade stability, interval concentration, and risk acceptability. The mean absolute difference between the deterministic scores and the mean probabilistic scores was 0.6 points. For the P5 female group, the mean score was 71.6, the probability of scoring below 70 was 34.5%, and the credibility index was 0.61, indicating a reachability risk associated with the elevated emergency button. The corresponding probability and credibility index were 4.8% and 0.86 for the P50 male group and 12.2% and 0.74 for the P95 male group, whose principal risk arose from operating-space adaptability. While maintaining broadly consistent central scores, the proposed method extends single-point evaluation into a comprehensive representation incorporating intervals, risk probabilities, and credibility grades, thereby enabling the identification of potential ergonomic risks affecting population extremes and safety-critical tasks. Since the parameter ranges and dependence structures have not yet been calibrated using data from real equipment and field operations, the present results primarily demonstrate the methodological workflow and its additional value for design decision-making.

Key words

complex equipment / digital standard human / ergonomic evaluation / uncertainty propagation / Monte Carlo method / credibility representation

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations

ZHAO Yanlin, WANG Zhihu, ZHANG Yating, ZHAO Furui, ZHANG Xin, ZHAO Jing, NIU Jianwei. Trusted Ergonomic Evaluation Based on Digital Standard Humans in Complex Equipment Scenarios[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(16): 52-64 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.005

References

[1] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 中国成年人人体尺寸: GB/T 10000—2023[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. Human Dimensions of Chinese Adults: GB/T 10000—2023[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023.
[2] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 用于技术设计的人体测量基础项目: GB/T5703—2023[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China. Basic Human Body Measurements for Technological Design: GB/T5703—2023[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023.
[3] 陈善广, 李志忠, 葛列众, 等. 人因工程研究进展及发展建议[J]. 中国科学基金, 2021, 35(2): 203-212.
CHEN S G, LI Z Z, GE L Z, et al.Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Human Factors Engineering[J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2021, 35(2): 203-212.
[4] 兰爽. 基于Jack虚拟仿真技术的人因工效分析[J]. 工业工程, 2017, 20(6): 96-100.
LAN S.An Ergonomic Analysis Based on Jack Virtual Simulation Technology[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2017, 20(6): 96-100.
[5] 刘力卓, 赵义格, 韩玉琪, 等. 基于Jack远程监控操作台人机工效评价[J]. 工业工程, 2019, 22(5): 25-31.
LIU L Z, ZHAO Y G, HAN Y Q, et al.An Ergonomics Evaluation of Remote Monitoring Console Based on Jack[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2019, 22(5): 25-31.
[6] 黄晨旭, 檀虎, 李鹏, 等. 某轻型装甲车辆乘员舱人机工效指标体系构建[J]. 西安理工大学学报, 2022, 38(3): 402-409.
HUANG C X, TAN H, LI P, et al.Building of Ergonomics Index System for Light Armored Vehicles(LAVs)Crew Cabin[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Technology, 2022, 38(3): 402-409.
[7] 张亦驰, 孙功武, 马向能, 等. 基于人因的深海载人潜水器航控界面的优化设计[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2022, 44(1): 154-158.
ZHANG Y C, SUN G W, MA X N, et al.Optimal Design of Navigation Control Interface for Deep-Sea Manned Submersible Based on Human Factors[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2022, 44(1): 154-158.
[8] 李靖, 杨奥茹, 孙惠东, 等. 水面无人艇显控台交互系统设计[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2023, 45(21): 81-85.
LI J, YANG A R, SUN H D, et al.Design of Interactive System for Display Console Based on the Autonomous Function Requirements of Unmanned Surface Vessel[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2023, 45(21): 81-85.
[9] 张芳燕, 刘国闯, 张磊, 等. 基于Jack的反铲式挖掘机驾驶室人机工程仿真分析与设计改进[J]. 机械设计, 2023, 40(6): 145-152.
ZHANG F Y, LIU G C, ZHANG L, et al.Human Engineering Simulation Analysis and Design Improvement of Backhoe Excavator Cab Based on Jack[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2023, 40(6): 145-152.
[10] 潘忻彤, 罗斌强, 张旭平, 等. 基于Monte Carlo方法的磁驱动准等熵压缩实验不确定度量化评估[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2023, 43(3): 031101.
PAN X T, LUO B Q, ZHANG X P, et al.Uncertainty Quantification of Magnetically Driven Quasi-isentropic Compression Experiments Based on the Monte Carlo Method[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2023, 43(3): 031101.
[11] 何西旺, 杨亮亮, 冉仁杰, 等. 基于多评价标准的代理模型综合比较研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(16): 403-419.
HE X W, YANG L L, RAN R J, et al.Comparative Studies of Surrogate Models Based on Multiple Evaluation Criteria[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(16): 403-419.
[12] 蔡毅, 邢岩, 胡丹. 敏感性分析综述[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 44(1): 9-16.
CAI Y, XING Y, HU D.On Sensitivity Analysis[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2008, 44(1): 9-16.
[13] 郭金玉, 张忠彬, 孙庆云. 层次分析法的研究与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2008, 18(5): 148-153.
GUO J Y, ZHANG Z B, SUN Q Y. Study and Applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2008, 18(5): 148-153. [万方]
[14] 国际标准化组织. 工作系统设计中的人类工效学原则: ISO 6385—2016[S]. 日内瓦: 国际标准化组织, 2016.
International Organization for Standardization. Ergonomics Principles in the Design of Work Systems: ISO 6385:2016[S]. Geneva: ISO, 2016.
[15] 国际标准化组织. 人类工效学——静态工作姿势评价: ISO 11226—2000[S]. 日内瓦: 国际标准化组织, 2000.
International Organization for Standardization. Ergonomics—Evaluation of Static Working Postures: ISO 11226:2000[S]. Geneva: ISO, 2000.
[16] 国际标准化组织. 人-系统交互工效学——第5部分: 工作站布局和姿态要求: ISO 9241-5—2024[S]. 日内瓦: 国际标准化组织, 2024.
International Organization for Standardization. Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction—Part 5: Workstation Layout and Postural Requirements: ISO 9241-5:2024[S]. Geneva: ISO, 2024.
[17] 国际标准化组织. 建立人体测量数据库的一般要求: ISO 15535—2023[S]. 日内瓦: 国际标准化组织, 2023.
International Organization for Standardization. General Requirements for Establishing Anthropometric Databases: ISO 15535:2023[S]. Geneva: ISO, 2023.
[18] 测量指南联合委员会. 测量数据评价——《测量不确定度表示指南》补充文件1: 采用蒙特卡洛方法进行分布传播: JCGM 101—2008[S]. 塞夫尔: 国际计量局, 2008.
Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. Evaluation of Measurement Data—Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement—Propagation of Distributions Using a Monte Carlo Method: JCGM 101:2008[S]. Sèvres: BIPM, 2008.
[19] SOBOL I M.非线性数学模型的全局敏感性指数及其蒙特卡洛估计[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2001, 55(1-3): 271-280.
SOBOL I M.Global Sensitivity Indices for Nonlinear Mathematical Models and Their Monte Carlo Estimates[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2001, 55(1-3): 271-280.
[20] 刘光辉, 唐德红, 高喜雷. 基于Jack仿真的颈椎康复训练器人机工程设计[J]. 机械设计, 2022, 39(6): 155-160.
LIU G H, TANG D H, GAO X L.Ergonomic Design of Cervical Rehabilitation Trainer Based on Jack Simulation[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2022, 39(6): 155-160.
[21] 范沁红, 江星辰, 武学良, 等. 基于理想压力的机车座椅优化设计与舒适度试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(10): 383-394.
FAN Q H, JIANG X C, WU X L, et al.Experimental Research on Optimization Design and Comfort of Locomotive Seat Based on Ideal Pressure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(10): 383-394.
[22] 但鹏, 董佳洁, 李瑞亮, 等. 基于人机交互的数控磨床操纵箱设计研究[J]. 制造技术与机床, 2024(12): 98-104.
DAN P, DONG J J, LI R L, et al.Human-computer Interaction-based Design Study of CNC Grinding Machine Control Box[J]. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool, 2024(12): 98-104.
[23] 季煜恒, 李春通, 骆晓萌, 等. 基于人因工程的船舶驾驶室人机界面布局优化设计[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(2): 201-210.
JI Y H, LI C T, LUO X M, et al.Layout Optimization Design of Ship Cab Human-machine Interface Based on Human Factors Engineering[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(2): 201-210.
[24] 彭卫平, 胡向阳, 雷金, 等. 基于RULA的数控机床控制面板操作舒适性分析[J]. 人类工效学, 2017, 23(6): 42-46.
PENG W P, HU X Y, LEI J, et al.Comfort Analysis of CNC Machine Tool Control Panel Operation Based on RULA[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2017, 23(6): 42-46.
[25] 艾文伟, 方卫宁, 陈悦源. 轨道交通控制中心控制台人因适配性设计[J]. 人类工效学, 2017, 23(6): 47-56.
AI W W, FANG W N, CHEN Y Y.Human Factors Adaptability Design of Control Center Console in Rail Transit[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2017, 23(6): 47-56.
[26] 侯爱军. 基于Jack的多屏显控台人机工程设计与优化[J]. 工程学研究, 2025, 4(9): 53-56.
HOU A J.Human Engineering Design and Optimization of Multi-screen Display and Control Console Based on Jack[J]. Journal of Engineering Research, 2025, 4(9): 53-56.