Construction and Design Application of a 3D Head and Facial Model Prediction Algorithm

ZHU Zhaohua; CHEN Qingjie; SHI Mingnuo; YU Xianyuan

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.007

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (16) : 71-80. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.007

Special subject: Key Technologies and Applications of Digital Humans in Complex-Equipment Scenarios

Construction and Design Application of a 3D Head and Facial Model Prediction Algorithm

ZHU Zhaohua, CHEN Qingjie^*, SHI Mingnuo, YU Xianyuan

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Abstract

To address the limitations of relying excessively on 3D scanners for acquiring head and facial data in the customization of wearable products, the work aims to propose and develop an algorithm for predicting 3D head and facial shapes based on 2D measurements. Firstly, under the premise of minimizing reconstruction errors, large-scale 3D head and facial models were parameterized and aligned with a non-rigid iterative closest point algorithm and a generalized Procrustes algorithm, respectively. Subsequently, statistical shape models of the 3D head and face were constructed through principal component analysis, and their stability was validated through compactness, generalization, and specificity tests. Building on the SSM, forward and backward search algorithms were established to compute regression matrices between 2D measurements and 3D models, enabling accurate 3D head and facial predictions with a reduced set of 2D dimensions. Prediction results indicated that the optimal number of 2D measurements was seven, achieving an average prediction error of 2.97 (±0.61) mm. Finally, with mask customization as a case study, the reliability of the prediction model was verified through stress simulation and airtightness analysis. It is worth mentioning that the findings of this study can be extended to the 3D prediction of other body parts, providing new solutions for online personalization beyond the head and face.

Key words

3D head and facial model / non-rigid iterative closest point / statistical shape model / search algorithm / customized design

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ZHU Zhaohua, CHEN Qingjie, SHI Mingnuo, YU Xianyuan. Construction and Design Application of a 3D Head and Facial Model Prediction Algorithm[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(16): 71-80 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.007

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