Design of Healing Parent-child Sandbox for Children with Autism Based on ARCS Model of Motivation

WANG Nianwen; DIAO Xue; JIA Xiaolu; YANG Yurou; JIA Shengkai; DING Xiaoyi

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.012

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Packaging Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (16) : 131-143. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.012

Industrial Design

Design of Healing Parent-child Sandbox for Children with Autism Based on ARCS Model of Motivation

WANG Nianwen, DIAO Xue, JIA Xiaolu^*, YANG Yurou, JIA Shengkai, DING Xiaoyi

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Abstract

The work aims to enhance learning motivation and parent-child interaction by integrating the ARCS model of motivation and PCIT (parent-child interaction therapy) into sandbox design, thereby improving the learning engagement, emotional expression, and social interaction skills of children with autism. To achieve this, user needs were first identified through literature reviews, naturalistic observation, questionnaires, and interviews, followed by cluster analysis of the dual models via Gephi. Subsequently, based on the ARCS model, user needs were analyzed and mapped to derive design needs; meanwhile, an AHP-based hierarchical need model for sandboxes was constructed. In conjunction with the therapeutic principles of PCIT, a prototype sandbox game system was constructed, implemented in design practice and evaluated. As a result, the systematic integration of the ARCS Motivation Model into parent-child sandbox design offers a novel therapeutic approach featuring motivation stimulation and parent-child synergy for autistic children. Ultimately, the results demonstrate significant improvements in the subjects' active participation, social competence, and quality of family interaction, providing a practical new direction for autism intervention research.

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sandbox product design / ARCS model of motivation / parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) / children with autism / psychological healing

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WANG Nianwen, DIAO Xue, JIA Xiaolu, YANG Yurou, JIA Shengkai, DING Xiaoyi. Design of Healing Parent-child Sandbox for Children with Autism Based on ARCS Model of Motivation[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(16): 131-143 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.16.012

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