目的 为了进行智能家电产品的适老化升级，提升老年人的用户体验。方法 提出基于失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)和根本原因分析(RCA)的适老化智能家电产品交互设计方法。首先，通过构建老年人使用智能家电的用户旅程图识别失效模式，利用FMEA对失效模式进行分析并评估风险优先指数;其次，根据风险优先指数绘制帕累托图确定重点失效模式，并运用石川图分析其发生的根本原因;再次，围绕根本原因对智能家电产品交互设计进行改良;最后，对改良后的设计进行测试并评估改良效果。结论 选取智能洗衣机作为案例进行研究，结果表明所提出方法能够有效识别老年人使用智能家电时发生的失效模式，并对其发生的根本原因进行分析，可为适老化智能家电产品的设计优化提供方法参考，帮助老年人享受技术红利，跨越数字鸿沟。

The work aims to carry out aging-friendly upgrading of smart home appliances to enhance the user experience of the elderly. An interaction design methodology for ageing-friendly smart home appliances based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and root cause analysis (RCA) was proposed. First, the failure modes were identified by constructing a user journey map of smart home appliances used by the elderly to analyze the failure modes by FMEA, and evaluate the risk priority number; Second, a Pareto chart was drawn to identify the key failure modes according to the risk priority number, and analyze the root causes by Ishikawa Diagram; Then, the interaction design of smart home appliances was improved based on the root causes; Finally, the improved design was tested and the improvement effect was evaluated. The smart washing machine is selected as a case study, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the failure modes of smart home appliances used by the elderly and analyze their root causes, which can provide a methodological reference for the optimization of the design of ageing-adapted smart home appliances and help the elderly to enjoy the technological dividend and cross the digital divide.