目的 为优化老年人如厕体验,设计一款能够有效解决老年人如厕过程中如起身不便、厕后冲水不便、如厕舒适性较低、夜间如厕不便等问题,同时提升老年人如厕时舒适性、便捷性以及安全性的坐便器。方法 首先,通过调研得出用户需求并运用KANO模型对老年人需求进行属性划分;其次,运用层次分析法构建用户需求层次模型,求解不同用户需求的权重系数,对用户需求的重要度进行排序;然后,基于AD公理设计的独立性公理原则完成适老化坐便器需求域（CAs）、功能域（FRs）以及设计域（DPs）之间的映射,通过矩阵求解逐步判断设计合理性、得出最优解,并据此指导适老化坐便器设计;最后,运用TOPSIS对设计方案的有效性与可行性进行评估。结果 运用KANO-AHP-AD集成模型设计出一款满足老年人使用需求且能够有效改善老年人如厕体验的坐便器,并通过设计评估验证了其方案的有效性。结论 根据TOPSIS评价结果表明,KANO-AHP-AD集成模型能够更科学、客观地挖掘用户需求并有效指导产品设计,进一步验证了该设计流程在实践中具有科学准确与直观合理的优势,同时可为后续同类适老化产品设计研究提供科学可行的思路与参考。
Abstract
In order to optimize the toilet experience of the elderly, the work aims to design a toilet that can effectively solve the problems encountered by the elderly such as inconvenience in getting up, flushing after use, low comfort in use, inconvenience in use at night and improve the comfort, convenience and safety of the elderly in using the toilet. Firstly, the user needs were obtained through surveys and the KANO model was used to classify the needs of the elderly. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the hierarchy model of user needs, solve the weight coefficient of different user needs, and sort the importance of user needs. Then, based on the independence axiom principle of AD axiom design, the mapping among the requirements domain (CAs), functional domain (FRs) and design domain (DPs) of the age-oriented toilet was completed, the rationality of the design was gradually judged, the optimal solution was obtained through matrix solving, and the design of the age-oriented toilet was guided accordingly. Finally, TOPSIS was used to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the design scheme. Through the integrated model of KANO-AHP-AD, a toilet that could meet the needs of the elderly and effectively improve their toilet experience was designed, and the effectiveness of the scheme was verified through design evaluation. According to TOPSIS evaluation results, the KANO-AHP-AD integrated model can explore user needs more scientifically and objectively and effectively guide product design, further verifying the advantages of this design process in practice, which is scientific, accurate, intuitive and reasonable, and can provide scientific and feasible ideas and references for subsequent research on the design of similar age-oriented products.
关键词
适老化设计 /
坐便器 /
KANO /
AHP /
AD /
TOPSIS /
用户需求
Key words
age-oriented /
toilet /
KANO /
AHP /
AD /
TOPSIS /
user need
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基金
武汉理工大学2025年度自主创新研究基金国际交流项目（2025-JL-025）; 海南省科技专项资助（ZDYF2021GXJS214）
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