目的 对图形用户界面中扁平、拟物两种主流设计风格进行认知记忆研究,探究其对图标内隐记忆及外显记忆的影响。方法 基于“学习-测验”实验范式,采用图标判断与再认任务,考察了年轻用户和老年用户对两种图标风格的记忆与认知差异。结果 内隐记忆阶段,扁平图标的正确率与启动量均显著低于拟物图标,而拟物图标的反应时显著低于扁平图标;外显记忆阶段,扁平图标的反应时显著低于拟物图标,而二者间的正确率无显著差异。结论 外显记忆中,扁平风格图标的加工与检索效率占据优势;而在内隐记忆中,拟物风格图标具备较高的启动效应,更有利于图标的无意识处理和检索活动;此外,相对于外显记忆,内隐记忆阶段图标设计风格的认知行为不易受用户年龄的影响,具有一定的年龄独立性。该研究对数字界面信息化进程中的图标设计具有指导意义,从行为记忆角度为解决扁平和拟物设计风格的争论提供新见解。
Abstract
The work aims to conduct cognitive memory research on the two mainstream flat and skeuomorphic design styles in graphical user interfaces and explore their impact on the implicit and explicit memory of icons. Based on the "learning-test" paradigm, the memory and cognitive differences in the memory of two style icons between younger and older users were investigated through icon judgment and icon recognition tasks. In implicit memory, the accuracy and priming amounts of flat icons were significantly lower than those of skeuomorphic icons, while the reaction time of skeuomorphic icons was significantly lower than that of flat icons. In explicit memory, the reaction time of flat icons was significantly lower than that of skeuomorphic icons, and there was no significant difference in the accuracy rate between the two. In conclusion, flat style icons offer an advantage in processing and retrieval efficiency in explicit memory, while skeuomorphic style icons exhibit a higher priming effect in implicit memory, which is more conducive to the unconscious processing and retrieval activities of icons. Moreover, in comparison to explicit memory, the cognitive behavior of icon design style in the implicit memory stage is less susceptible to the user's age and demonstrates a certain degree of age independence. This study provides valuable insights for designing icons in digital interfaces and offers new perspectives on addressing the debate between flat and skeuomorphic design styles from the perspective of behavioral memory.
关键词
图标设计风格 /
扁平图标 /
拟物图标 /
内隐记忆 /
外显记忆
Key words
icon design styles /
flat icon /
skeuomorphic icon /
implicit memory /
explicit memory
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基金
国家社会科学基金艺术学一般项目（20BG129）; 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新项目（KYCX24_2504）
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