目的 基于自然语言处理（NLP）和结构方程模型（SEM）构建博物馆导视系统的设计优化路径,系统揭示关键设计因子对游客满意度的影响机制并提出具备普适适用性的优化策略,以提升导视系统的整体质量与用户体验。方法 采用文本挖掘技术从多个旅游平台获取用户评论,结合NLP词频分析与共现矩阵构建提取游客关注焦点。在用户体验理论与信息设计原则指导下,辅以定性访谈明确核心设计范畴,进一步转化为测量指标。通过探索性因子分析与主成分分析提取潜在变量,构建并验证结构方程模型,分析关键因子对满意度的路径影响关系。结果 模型拟合度良好,验证了文化功能、信息传递、视觉设计、交互性与可用性五个外生变量对满意度的显著正向影响,而信息传递为最关键因子。基于路径系数结果,提出涵盖五大设计维度的系统性优化路径,明确了导视系统设计的优先介入顺序与策略方向。结论 在实证基础上提出面向满意度提升的导视系统优化路径框架,为博物馆导视系统的系统化设计与科学决策提供理论依据与方法支持,拓展了结构方程模型在设计研究中的应用边界,具有良好的迁移性与实践指导价值。
Abstract
The work aims to construct a design optimization pathway for museum wayfinding systems based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), systematically elucidating the mechanisms through which key design factors influence visitor satisfaction and proposing universally applicable optimization strategies to enhance the overall quality and user experience of wayfinding systems. Text mining techniques were employed to extract user comments from multiple tourism platforms, with NLP-based word frequency analysis and co-occurrence matrices utilized to identify focal points of visitor attention. Guided by user experience theory and information design principles, qualitative interviews were conducted to delineate core design domains which were subsequently transformed into measurable indicators. Exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis were applied to extract latent variables, enabling the development and validation of a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the path relationships between critical factors and visitor satisfaction. The model exhibited a robust fit, confirming the significant positive effects of five exogenous variables on satisfaction, including cultural functionality, information transmission, visual design, interactivity, and usability, with information transmission identified as the most pivotal factor. Drawing on path coefficient results, a systematic optimization framework encompassing five key design dimensions was proposed, delineating a prioritized sequence and strategic directions for intervention in wayfinding system design. Grounded in empirical evidence, a satisfaction-oriented optimization pathway for museum wayfinding systems is put forward, offering theoretical foundations and methodological support for the systematic design and evidence-based decision-making of such systems and extending the application of Structural Equation Modeling in design studies, demonstrating strong transferability and practical value.
关键词
博物馆导视系统 /
自然语言处理（NLP） /
结构方程模型（SEM） /
设计影响因素 /
设计优化策略
Key words
museum wayfinding system /
Natural Language Processing (NLP) /
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) /
design influencing factors /
design optimization strategies
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基金
2020年度国家社会科学基金艺术学项目（20BG130）
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