目的 救援设备是户外运动可持续发展的基础保障,针对户外山地运动突发事件特征设计应急救援设备,以通过提升抢险救援效率保障救援人员与受困者的生命安全。方法 提出AHP法、FBS模型和TOPSIS法相结合的集成式创新设计方法。首先,采用问卷调查与深度访谈的方式获取救援人员和受困人员不同阶段的应急救援需求,运用AHP法对模糊需求进行聚类分析并构建结构化的需求模型,计算获得各需求指标的权重值;其次,结合用户身心需求特征与设备功能特性,采用FBS设计模型将排序优先的需求从功能到结构的逐级映射转化,以此为基础梳理设计重点,形成创新设计策略;最后,利用TOPSIS法对设计方案进行综合评价与优选决策。结果 通过设计实践验证集成式设计方法的适用性和潜在优势。结论 该集成式设计模型为面向复杂山地突发事件的应急救援设备设计提供了科学的理论依据和实践指导,对保障全民户外运动的高质量发展具有重要的实际意义。
Abstract
Search and rescue equipment is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development of outdoor sports. The work aims to design emergency search and rescue equipment according to the characteristics of complex mountain emergencies to improve rescue efficiency and ensure the life safety of rescue workers and trapped people. An integrated innovative design method combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the function-behaviour-structure (FBS) model and TOPSIS was proposed. Firstly, the emergency rescue needs of rescue workers and trapped people at different stages were obtained through questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. The AHP method was used to cluster the fuzzy needs to form a structured demand model, and the weight value of each demand index was obtained through calculation. Secondly, in combination with the physical and mental demand characteristics of users and the functional features of equipment, the FBS design model was adopted to map and transform the prioritized demands step by step from function to structure. Based on this, the design priorities were sorted out and innovative design strategies were formed. Finally, the TOPSIS method was used to make comprehensive evaluation and optimization decisions for the first draft design scheme. Taking design practice as an example, the applicability and potential advantages of integrated design methods were verified. The integrated design method model provides a scientific theoretical basis and practical guidance for designing emergency search and rescue equipment for complex mountain emergencies and guarantees the high-quality development of outdoor sports for all people
关键词
应急救援设备设计 /
复杂山地 /
户外运动突发事件 /
AHP-FBS-TOPSIS
Key words
search and rescue equipment design /
complex mountains /
emergencies /
AHP/FBS-TOPSIS
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基金
2022年教育部人文社会科学项目(22YJC760131); 2025年重庆市教委科学技术研究项目（KJQN202500652); 2023年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究项目（23SKGH107); 2023年重庆邮电大学教育改革项目（XJG23264)
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