基于细节层次（LOD）建模的虚拟现实智能家居设计方法研究

吴鹏军; 陈嘉瑞; 徐丹丹; 莫薇; 刘峣

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.002

PDF(2838 KB)

包装工程（设计栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4) : 19-29. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.002

工业设计

基于细节层次（LOD）建模的虚拟现实智能家居设计方法研究

吴鹏军¹, 陈嘉瑞¹, 徐丹丹¹, 莫薇², 刘峣^1,*

作者信息 +

Virtual Reality Smart Home Design Method Based on Level of Detail (LOD) Modeling

WU Pengjun¹, CHEN Jiarui¹, XU Dandan¹, MO Wei², LIU Yao^1,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的基于传统家居设计在空间感知、客户沟通和设计呈现方面存在局限,为提升设计精度和用户体验,提出一种结合虚拟现实（VR）和细节层次（LOD）建模的智能家居设计方法。方法本研究开发基于LOD技术优化的VR家居设计平台,LOD技术通过视距自适应调整模型精度,减少渲染计算负担,同时优化交互流畅度。实验通过对比传统家居设计方法与VR+LOD方法,在设计全面性、可视性和空间效果等方面评估其改进效果。结果 LOD优化的VR设计方法在设计全面性（94.12）、可视性（95.52）和空间效果（96.11）方面的评分均显著高于传统方法（分别为81.73、81.05和81.10）。LOD技术有效降低了VR渲染负担,提高了模型加载效率,使用户在虚拟环境中的交互更流畅,增强了空间感知和设计直观性。结论本研究验证了LOD技术在VR家居设计中的优化作用,为智能家居设计提供了更高效的可视化和交互方案。研究结果不仅为VR技术在家居设计中的应用提供了理论和实践支持,还证明了LOD优化方法能够有效降低设计沟通成本,提高用户体验,并推动智能家居设计向更精准和高效的方向发展。

Abstract

The work aims to propose smart home design method combining virtual reality (VR) and level of detail (LOD) modeling based on the limitations in graphic presentation, customer communication and space perception of traditional home design (HD), to improve design accuracy and user experience. A VR-based home design platform combined with LOD technology was developed. The LOD technology was applied to adaptively adjust model accuracy through viewing distance, reducing the computational burden of rendering while optimizing the smoothness of interaction. By comparing traditional design methods and VR+LOD design methods, corresponding improvement effects were evaluated in aspects such as design comprehensiveness, visibility and spatial effect. The results showed that VR design methods based on LOD optimization scored significantly higher on comprehensiveness (94.12), visibility (95.52) and spatial effect (96.11) than traditional design methods (81.73, 81.05 and 81.10). LOD technology effectively reduced the burden of VR rendering, improved the efficiency of model loading, made the interaction in the virtual environment smoother for users, and enhanced spatial perception and design intuitiveness. The study proves the optimization role of LOD technology in VR home design, providing a more efficient visualization and interaction solution for smart home design. The research results not only provide theoretical and practical support for the application of VR technology in home design, but also prove that the LOD optimization method can effectively reduce design communication costs, improve user experience, and promote the development of smart home design towards a more precise and efficient direction.

导出引用1

吴鹏军, 陈嘉瑞, 徐丹丹, 莫薇, 刘峣. 基于细节层次（LOD）建模的虚拟现实智能家居设计方法研究[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(4): 19-29 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.002

WU Pengjun, CHEN Jiarui, XU Dandan, MO Wei, LIU Yao. Virtual Reality Smart Home Design Method Based on Level of Detail (LOD) Modeling[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(4): 19-29 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.04.002

中图分类号： TB472

参考文献

[1] TANG Y M, LAU Y Y, HO U L.Empowering Digital Marketing with Interactive Virtual Reality (IVR) in Interior Design: Effects on Customer Satisfaction and Behaviour Intention[J]. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 2023, 18(2): 889-907.
[2] 吴曼, 张群. 虚拟现实技术在室内空间设计中的应用[J]. 家具与室内装饰, 2018, 25(10): 106-108.
WU M, ZHANG Q.Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Interior Space Design[J]. Furniture & Interior Design, 2018, 25(10): 106-108.
[3] 夏海斌, 刘丹, 张宇. VR技术在“非遗”展示和保护中的实践研究——以景德镇传统制瓷工艺仿真为例[J]. 装饰, 2024(10): 130-132.
XIA H B, LIU D, ZHANG Y.Research on the Practical Application of VR Technology in the Preservation and Display of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Simulating the Traditional Porcelain-Making Craft in Jingdezhen[J]. Decoration, 2024(10): 130-132.
[4] 郭勇, 王继群. VR技术在建筑室内效果展示中的运用[J]. 建筑结构, 2023, 53(17): 157.
GUO Y, WANG J Q.Application of VR Technology in Architectural Indoor Effect Display[J]. Architectural Structure, 2023, 53(17): 157.
[5] LEE J, MIRI M, NEWBERRY M. Immersive Virtual Reality, Tool for Accessible Design: Perceived Usability in an Interior Design Studio Setting[J]. Journal of Interior Design, 2023, 48(4): 242-258.
[6] 沈雷, 宋季蓉, 张丹. 基于VR技术的建筑室内空间最优布局仿真研究[J]. 计算机仿真, 2023, 40(5): 279-283.
SHEN L, SONG J R, ZHANG D.Simulation Research on Optimal Layout of Interior Space in Buildings Based on VR Technology[J]. Computer Simulation, 2023, 40(5): 279-283.
[7] 张苏卉, 谭然. 艺术、智慧与生态的融汇: 数字化公共艺术的生态性研究[J]. 艺术百家, 2024, 40(1): 12-20.
ZHANG S H, TAN R.The Integration of Art, Wisdom and Ecology: A Study on the Ecology of Digital Public Art[J]. Hundred Schools in Arts, 2024, 40(1): 12-20.
[8] 陈浩, 钟世禄. 虚拟现实技术在室内设计行业发展现状研究[J]. 家具与室内装饰, 2021, 28(1): 127-129.
CHEN H, ZHONG S L.Overview of the Development Status of Virtual Reality in Interior Design Industry[J]. Furniture & Interior Design, 2021, 28(1): 127-129.
[9] 史云飞, 刘克辉, 李向伟, 等. 一种含室内空间结构的建筑物3D LOD概念模型与生成方法[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2022, 47(4): 561-569.
SHI Y F, LIU K H, LI X W, et al.A 3D LOD Conceptual Model of Building with Indoor Spatial Structure and Its Generating Method[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2022, 47(4): 561-569.
[10] 蓝贵文, 莫栩琪, 郭亚峰, 等. 基于BIM LOD规范的给排水管网室内外一体化建模[J]. 桂林理工大学学报, 2025, 45(1): 75-81.
LAN G W, MO X Q, GUO Y F, et al.Integrated Modeling of Indoor and Outdoor Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Network Based on BIM LOD Specification[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2025, 45(1): 75-81.
[11] WANG W L.Application of Gamification Based Virtual Robots in Urban Landscape Design: Interaction and Entertainment Experience in the Design Process[J]. Entertainment Computing, 2025, 52: 100880.
[12] WANG S Y, CHEN Q.Development of a Cloud-Based Building Information Modeling Design Configurator to Auto-Link Material Catalogs with Code-Compliant Designs of Residential Buildings[J]. Buildings, 2024, 14(7): 2084.
[13] CHEN J M, SHAO Z C, ZHENG X D, et al.Integrating Aesthetics and Efficiency: AI-Driven Diffusion Models for Visually Pleasing Interior Design Generation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14: 3496.
[14] 阮宜扬. 虚拟现实技术在室内设计中的应用发展——评《VR室内设计三维表现》[J]. 中国科技论文, 2020, 15(9): 1112.
RUAN Y Y.The Application and Development of Virtual Reality Technology in Interior Design—Comment on Three-Dimensional Representation of VR Interior Design[J]. China Sciencepaper, 2020, 15(9): 1112.
[15] 孙琪, 智英斌. VR技术在建筑室内设计中的应用探讨[J]. 美术大观, 2018(12): 148-149.
SUN Q, ZHI Y B.Discussion on the Application of VR Technology in Architectural Interior Design[J]. Art Panorama, 2018(12): 148-149.
[16] JOY E, AADHITHIAN R, RAJA C.Digital 3D Modeling for Preconstruction Real-Time Visualization of Home Interior Design through Virtual Reality[J]. Construction Innovation, 2024, 24(2): 643-653.
[17] HARSHIT, CHAURASIA P, ZLATANOVA S, et al.Low-Cost Data, High-Quality Models: A Semi-Automated Approach to LOD3 Creation[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2024, 13(4): 119.
[18] SAWATMONGKHONKUL K, JONEURAIRATANA E, SIRIVESMAS V.Exploring Parametric Concepts and Principles for Furniture and Interior Design[J]. Interiority, 2024, 7(1): 101-120.
[19] 闫宇晨. 虚拟现实图书馆版权保护与利用规则研究[J]. 新世纪图书馆, 2023(12): 56-63.
YAN Y C.Research on Copyright Protection and Utilization Rules in Virtual Reality Libraries[J]. New Century Library, 2023(12): 56-63.
[20] 马融, 王珏. 劳动教育在高校室内艺术设计中的教学模式——基于虚拟现实技术的研究背景[J]. 山西财经大学学报, 2023, 45(S2): 270-272.
MA R, WANG J.Teaching Mode of Labour Education in the Indoor Art Design Major in Colleges and Universities—Based on the Research Background of Virtual Reality Technology[J]. Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, 2023, 45(S2): 270-272.
[21] 王国华, 宋佳音, 田梁浩, 等. 虚拟现实技术有助于降低学习者的认知负荷?——基于23项实验与准实验研究的元分析[J]. 开放教育研究, 2023, 29(4): 110-120.
WANG G H, SONG J Y, TIAN L H, et al.Does Virtual Reality Technology Help to Reduce Learners' Cognitive Load?—A Meta-Analysis Based on 23 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies[J]. Open Education Research, 2023, 29(4): 110-120.
[22] 全厚发. 建筑设计视角下VR技术在建模方面的应用[J]. 现代雷达, 2022, 44(12): 128-130.
QUAN H F.Application of VR Technology in Modeling from the Perspective of Architectural Design[J]. Modern Radar, 2022, 44(12): 128-130.
[23] 李婧, 韩贤权. 激光三维虚拟技术的室内环境设计图像重建研究[J]. 激光杂志, 2021, 42(9): 124-128.
LI J, HAN X Q.Image Reconstruction of Indoor Environment Design Based on Laser 3D Virtual Technology[J]. Laser Journal, 2021, 42(9): 124-128.
[24] 蔡新元, 陈秋婵, 张健. AI共创的中国古诗词文化VR体验系统设计与实现[J]. 出版科学, 2023, 31(4): 80-88.
CAI X Y, CHEN Q C, ZHANG J.Design and Implementation of AI Co-Created Traditional Chinese Poetry Culture VR Experience System[J]. Publishing Journal, 2023, 31(4): 80-88.
[25] 郭广通, 徐娜. 基于虚拟现实技术和三维模型的室内色彩优化研究[J]. 现代电子技术, 2020, 43(21): 132-136.
GUO G T, XU N.Research on Indoor Color Optimization Based on Virtual Reality Technology and 3D Model[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2020, 43(21): 132-136.
[26] KALANTARI S, NEO J R J. Virtual Environments for Design Research: Lessons Learned from Use of Fully Immersive Virtual Reality in Interior Design Research[J]. Journal of Interior Design, 2020, 45(3): 27-42.
[27] 李俊炀, 彭国超, 张宁. 国家文化数字化战略视域下的公共文化VR内容供给力提升路径研究[J]. 图书馆, 2023(4): 77-83.
LI J Y, PENG G C, ZHANG N.Research on the Paths to Improve the VR Content Supply Capacity of Public Culture in the National Cultural Digitization Strategy[J]. Library, 2023(4): 77-83.
[28] 闫秋羽, 张兴刚, 郝冬冬. 基于虚拟现实技术的三维室内设计及人物漫游技术[J]. 现代电子技术, 2019, 42(19): 95-97.
YAN Q Y, ZHANG X G, HAO D D.3D Interior Design and Character Roaming Technology Based on Virtual Reality Technology[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2019, 42(19): 95-97.
[29] 陈罡. 基于虚拟现实技术的室内设计创新及应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(17): 229-233.
CHEN G.Innovative and Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Interior Design[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(17): 229-233.
[30] 师春艳. 基于三维视觉的室内设计虚拟现实方法研究[J]. 现代电子技术, 2018, 41(5): 78-82.
SHI C Y.Research on Virtual Reality Method of Indoor Design Based on 3D Vision[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2018, 41(5): 78-82.
[31] 李昌浩, 宋红毅, 薛育佳, 等. 基于三维虚拟视觉及交互设计的室内设计平台建构[J]. 现代电子技术, 2019, 42(7): 53-56.
LI C H, SONG H Y, XUE Y J, et al.Construction of Interior Design Platform Based on 3D Virtual Vision and Interactive Design[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2019, 42(7): 53-56.
[32] YOU W T, SHAO Y Z, ZHENG Z Q, et al.Old House New Home: Facilitating Interior Design with RedesignUS in Virtual Reality[J]. Displays, 2023, 80: 102555.
[33] XIANG L, HOU J J, WANG J F, et al.Construction of a Distributed 3D Interior Design System Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms[J]. Procedia Computer Science, 2024, 243: 450-457.
[34] WU M L.Research on Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Contemporary Soft Decoration Design[C]// 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). Trichy, India. IEEE, 2021: 1029-1032.
[35] PENG L.Enhanced TODIM-TOPSIS Framework for Interior Design Quality Evaluation in Public Spaces under Hesitant Fuzzy Sets[J]. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2024, 15(11): 250
[36] 宋旭红. 虚拟现实与元宇宙文学[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2023, 43(1): 1-11.
SONG X H.Virtual Reality and Metaversal Literature[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2023, 43(1): 1-11.