目的 针对当前居家智能灯具设计普遍存在的重技术集成、轻老年需求问题,本研究旨在突破单一照明功能局限,从老年人生理节律、行为模式与心理感受三大维度出发,构建一套系统性的适老化智能照明设计策略,以提升老年人居家光环境的舒适性、安全性与健康价值。方法 综合运用文献研究法,梳理老年人生理衰退对光环境的核心需求。通过用户旅程图与行为观察法,以夜间起夜这一高危场景为切入点,深入分析老年人在典型居家环境中的活动轨迹与潜在风险。结合健康照明与人因工程学理论,提出设计策略并指导完成一款集节律适配、行为辅助、无感交互功能于一体的集成式智能地脚灯并通过场景模拟进行验证。结果 提出以健康-安全-易用为核心理念的居家智能灯具适老化设计策略框架,具体包括无感化安全防护策略、人因光学与节律健康策略、包容性交互与场景化策略,以及系统性集成与扩展策略。结论 将智能灯具重新定义为老年人居家健康的光媒介,所构建的设计策略体系能够有效指导面向老龄化的智能照明产品创新,为从通用照明到主动健康干预的适老光环境设计转型提供了重要的理论依据与实践路径。
Abstract
To address the common overemphasis on technology integration over elderly user needs in smart lighting design, the work aims to develop an elderly-friendly lighting strategy based on physiological rhythms, behaviors, and psychological needs of the elderly, to enhance the comfort, safety, and health value of their home lighting environment. Through literature review, the core lighting environment needs of the elderly corresponding to their physiological decline were sorted out. With the high-risk scenario of nighttime toileting as the entry point, the activity trajectories and potential risks of the elderly in a typical home environment were deeply analyzed through user journey mapping and behavioral observation. Integrated with theories of healthy lighting and human factors engineering, design strategies were proposed and applied to develop an integrated smart floor light combining rhythm adaptation, behavior assistance, and non-intrusive interaction. The design was further verified through scenario simulation. A framework of elderly-friendly design strategies for smart home lighting was proposed, with health, safety, and usability as the core concepts, including non-intrusive safety protection strategies, human-factor optics and circadian health strategies, inclusive interaction and scenarization strategies, as well as systematic integration and expansion strategies. Smart lighting is redefined as a light medium for the elderly's home health. The established design strategy system can effectively guide the innovation of aging-oriented smart lighting products, and provides an important theoretical basis and practical path for the transformation of elderly-friendly light environment design from general lighting to active health intervention.
关键词
适老化设计 /
智能照明 /
老年用户 /
居家养老 /
集成式地脚灯
Key words
elderly-friendly design /
smart lighting /
elderly users /
home-based elderly care /
integrated floor light
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