面向高原隧道钻爆法施工的装备适人化设计研究进展

杨凯强

doi:10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.10.006

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包装工程（设计栏目） ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10) : 52-66. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.10.006

工业设计

面向高原隧道钻爆法施工的装备适人化设计研究进展

杨凯强^*

作者信息 +

Advances in Human-centered Equipment Design for Drill-and-blast Construction of Plateau Tunnels

YANG Kaiqiang^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对高原隧道的钻爆法施工场景,围绕极端环境对人员生理机能与心理状态的系统性削弱,以及施工任务对多维决策与精细操控的需求抬升,从人因工程视角梳理施工装备适人化设计的研究进展。方法提出“能力-需求缺口”分析框架,以钻爆法施工及其主要作业装备为核心研究对象,从能力端的高原人因效应、需求端的施工任务复杂性,以及弥合缺口的装备适人化设计策略三个维度,系统梳理国内外相关研究。结果将工作记忆衰减、手部精细操作能力减弱、警觉性衰退等人因退化特征转化为界面信息密度、操作容错阈值、预警冗余编码等设计约束。构建了“高原环境-人因退化-任务需求-装备设计”的映射关系。形成了操控界面认知适配、作业空间工效学优化与信息辅助系统设计的多层级策略体系。结论本文系统梳理了人因退化证据向装备设计约束的转化路径,打通了高原医学与装备设计之间的学科壁垒。所构建的策略体系,不仅为高原施工装备的人因设计确立了统一范式,更为其适人化转型提供了理论支撑与技术路径。

Abstract

The work aims to synthesize recent advances in human-centered equipment design from a human factors engineering perspective to deal with the drill-and-blast scenarios in plateau tunnels, with a focus on the systematic degradation of operators' physiological functions and psychological states induced by extreme environments, alongside the escalated task demands for multidimensional decision-making and precise manipulation. By proposing a "capability-demand gap" analytical framework centered on drill-and-blast equipment, this review systematically examined relevant studies at home and abroad across three dimensions: human factors effects of the plateau environment, task complexity of construction operations, and human-centered design strategies for bridging this gap. Accordingly, characteristics of human factors degradation, including working memory decline, diminished manual dexterity, and vigilance decrement, were translated into specific design constraints such as interface information density, operational error-tolerance thresholds, and redundant warning coding. A mapping relationship linking the plateau environment, human factors degradation, task demands, and equipment design was thereby constructed, leading to the formulation of a multi-level strategy system encompassing the cognitive adaptation of control interfaces, ergonomic optimization of workspaces, and information-assisted systems. By systematically outlining the translation path from human factors degradation evidence to equipment design constraints, this review effectively bridges the disciplinary gap between plateau medicine and equipment design. The constructed strategy system not only establishes a unified paradigm for the human factors design of plateau construction equipment but also provides theoretical support and technical pathways for its human-centered transformation.

导出引用1

杨凯强. 面向高原隧道钻爆法施工的装备适人化设计研究进展[J]. 包装工程. 2026, 47(10): 52-66 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.10.006

YANG Kaiqiang. Advances in Human-centered Equipment Design for Drill-and-blast Construction of Plateau Tunnels[J]. Packaging Engineering. 2026, 47(10): 52-66 https://doi.org/10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2026.10.006

中图分类号： TB482

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